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PSYC 493 > Psychopathy > Flashcards

Psychopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychopathy?

A

A personality disorder defined by a collection of interpersonal, affective, and behavioural characteristics, including manipulation, lack of remorse/empathy, impulsivity and antisocial behaviour. Can experience emotion, but struggle with empathy and theory of mind.

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2
Q

Which groups tend to have psychopathy?

A

All soioeconomic groups and cultures have some form of psychopathy

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3
Q

What is ASPD correlated with?

A

Poverty and urban settings- biopsychosocial factors that include a flat affect/expression and invulnerability to emotion.

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4
Q

What are female psychopaths typically depicted as?

A

Lack of concern for impact of behaviour, use of sexuality to manipulate, scheming.

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5
Q

What score on Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist Revised does one have to achieve to be determined as a psychopath?

A

30 or higher.

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6
Q

What score do corporate psychopaths typically receive on the HPCLR?

A

20.

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7
Q

What does the average person who is not a psychopath receive on the HCLR?

A

5-6/

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8
Q

What does the HCLR assess?

A

Interpersonal (manipulativeness), affective (lack of remorse), and behavioural (antisocial) features.

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9
Q

What percentage of the general population are psychopaths and what percentage of the prison population are psychopaths?

A

1% general population, 20% prison.

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10
Q

What is psychopathy predictive of?

A

Violent recidivism- the higher you score, the higher the likelihood- 3x more likely to reoffend within 1 year.

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11
Q

What are the 2 factors of psychopathy?

A

Factor 1: Interpersonal and affective states (psychophysiologiy)
Factor 2: Unstable and socially deviant traits

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12
Q

What is betrayal trauma?

A

A significant betrayal in childhood contributing to a lack of empathy.

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13
Q

What is Facet 1?

A

Interpersonal: glib and superficial charm, grandiose sense of self-worth, pathological lying, conning and manipulation.

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14
Q

What is facet 2?

A

Affective: Lack of remorse/guilt, shallow affect, callous lack of empathy, no responsibility.

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15
Q

What is facet 3?

A

Lifestyle: Stimulation seeking, impulsivity, irresponsible, parasitic orientation, lack of realistic goals.

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16
Q

What is facet 4?

A

Antisocial: Poor behavioural controls, early behavioural problems, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release, criminal versatility.

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17
Q

What other disorders are correlated with these facets?

A

Borderline, ADD/ADHD, substance abuse.

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18
Q

What are some advantages of self-report measures like the HPCLR?

A

Can measure things that are not easily observed, easy to administer, inexpensive, do not require inter-rater reliability, can detect faking.

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19
Q

What are some disadvantages of self-report measures?

A

Often can lie, manipulate, or malinger.

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20
Q

What are subclinical psychopaths?

A

People who score under 30, but are still high.

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21
Q

What are subclinical psychopaths more likely to do?

A

Defraud the experimenter, better at IDing vulnerable victims, more likely to cheat- business faculty has more of these.

22
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder?

A

Characterized by a history of behaviours in which rights are violated.

23
Q

What are the 7 symptoms of ASPD?

A

1) Engagement in criminal activity
2) Risk taking
3) Deceitful, irresponsible, impulsive (to gain profit/pleasure)
4) Little guilt for ones behaviours
5) Failure to comply with social norms and violating rights of others.

24
Q

What can almost all psychopaths be classified as?

A

Having ASPD (offenders with ASPD are usually not psychopaths)

25
Q

What are sociopaths?

A

More anxious, behaviour as environmentally motivated, impulsive crimes, more emotional blowups. Not an official diagnosis, falls under the umbrella of ASPD. Less due to genetics.

26
Q

What are some factors for criminality in people with ASPD?

A

High disinhibition and meanness, lower boldness.

27
Q

What are some factors for criminality in people who are psychopaths?

A

Higher in boldness compared to ASPD.

28
Q

What are some general factors for criminality?

A

Disinhibition, meanness, boldness

29
Q

What is the idea of adversarial allegiance?

A

Tendency for forensic experts to be biased towards those who hire them.

30
Q

How does the adversarial allegiance affect PCL-R scores?

A

Scores provided by experts hired by the prosecution are higher compared to defense team experts.

31
Q

What are some of the ways that psychopathy relates to criminal behaviour?

A

1) Start criminal careers younger
2) Persist longer/variety of crimes
3) Engage in more violent crimes
4) Recidivism more likely
5) Do not commit homicide more often than non-psychopathic offenders.

32
Q

What is the most active age for psychopathy?

A

16-30

33
Q

What is psychopathic violence typically like?

A

Predatory, instrumental, callous, calculated, targeted at strangers.

34
Q

What are psychopathy scores typically correlated with?

A

younger age, male, suicide attempts when caught, violent behaviour. imprisonment, homelessness, drug dependence.

35
Q

What is the weighted prelvalence of psychopathy in the community?

A

0.6%

36
Q

What do psychopathic professionals tend to have?

A

1) Poor management skills and performance appraisals
2) Better creativity
3) Stronger communication skills
4) Less likely to be team players

37
Q

What are some traits of the victims of psychopaths?

A

Talked into being victims, lied to, economically, emotionally, and psychologically abused, victims of multiple infidelities, isolated, had children who were mistreated

38
Q

Psychopaths often engage in more violent offences than nonpsychopaths, but do they also engage engage in more sexual offences?

A

No, typically fewer.

39
Q

What type of sex offender has the lowest psychopathy score?

A

Child molesters.

40
Q

What are some traits of psychopathic sexual offenders compared to nonpsychopathic rapists?

A

Psychopathic: More likely to be vindictive and opportunistic
Non: More likely to feel anxious prior to rape

41
Q

What are the recidivism rates among untreated nonpsychopaths, treated nonpsychopaths, untreated psychopaths, and treated psychopaths respectively?

A

39%, 22%, 55%, and 77% respectively.

42
Q

What are two ways of assessing psychopathic traits in youth?

A

1) Antisocial process screening device

2) Hare Psychopathy Checklist Youth Version

43
Q

What have studies found with regards to the stability of psychopathic traits in children?

A

Fairly high stability across a 4 year period, moderate stability in traits from ages 13-24, and moderate trait stability from childhood to age 48 with the largest change in adolescence.

44
Q

What are some traits of youth who score higher on the PCL YV?

A

Began criminal behaviours younger, engage in more violence, and are at a greater risk to reoffend once released.

45
Q

What are some genetic evidences for psychopathy?

A

Identical twins have more similar scores than fraternal on the PPI (psychopathic personality inventory). Genetics account for 29-59% of the variance on these subscales.

46
Q

What is a possible brain environment interaction suggested for psychopathy?

A

Low active MAOA genotype in maltreated children- brain imaging studies show that individuals with this show arousal in brain regions associated with aggression.

47
Q

What are some of the best predictors of adult psychopathy?

A

Having criminal parents, sons with uninvolved fathers, low family income, disrupted families, and physical neglect

48
Q

Why are psychopathic suspects difficult to interrogate?

A

Because they will try to outwit, enjoy being the focus of the investigation, attempt to control the interrogation, will not be fooled by bluffs, attempt to shock.

49
Q

What is response modulation deficit theory?

A

Psychopaths fail to use contextual cues that are peripheral to a dominant response set to modulate their behaviour- do not pay attention to cues that would inhibit behaviour and fail to learn to avoid punishment.

50
Q

What is the affective theory of psychopathy?

A

Psychopaths have a deficit in the experience of certain critical emotions that guide prosocial behaviour

51
Q

What did the two studies find when looking into the affective theory of psychopathy?

A

1) Psychopaths did not identify emotional words faster than neutral words
2) Psychopaths startle-elicited blinks did not differ in magnitude across pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral slides.

52
Q

What are some neurobiological theories of psychopathy?

A

Brain damage, underarousal hypothesis (cortical arousal too low), cortical immaturity hypothesis, fearlessness hypothesis, Gray’s model of behavioural inhibition and activation

PSYC 493 (11 decks)

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