Psychopathology: The Cognitive Explanation & Treatment Of Depression TW

Question 1

The term ‘cognitive’ refers to…?

Answer 1

Internal mental processes / the way we think

Question 2

The cognitive approach suggests depression is caused by…

Answer 2

Negative and irrational thoughts

Question 3

A student has written the following answer:

“Negative and irrational thoughts cause depression”

Is this correct, or incorrect? Why?

Answer 3

Incorrect - negative and irrational thoughts make someone vulnerable to depression

Question 4

Which cognitive psychologist suggested that vulnerability to depression is caused by irrational thoughts?

Answer 4

Ellis

Question 5

Which cognitive psychologist suggested that vulnerability to depression is caused by negative thoughts ?

Answer 5

Beck

Question 6

Beck’s model of depressive vulnerability is known as…

Answer 6

The negative triad

Question 7

Ellis’ model of depressive vulnerability is known as…

Answer 7

The ABC model

Question 8

Beck suggests that consistent ____________ makes a person vulnerable to depression

Answer 8

Negative thinking

Question 9

Beck’s explanation of depression comes from which psychological approach?

Answer 9

Cognitive

Question 10

How many kinds of negative thinking cause someone to be vulnerable to depression ?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

“I will never achieve anything” is an example of what type of negative view?

Answer 11

Negative view about the future

Question 12

“The world is a hard place” is an example of what type of negative view ?

Answer 12

Negative view about the world

Question 13

“I hate myself” is an example of what kind of negative view ?

Answer 13

Negative views about oneself

Question 14

Beck’s negative triad make someone…

Answer 14

Vulnerable to depression

Question 15

Ellis’ ABC model emphasises the role of ….

Answer 15

Irrational thoughts

Question 16

According to Ellis, irrational thoughts interfere with …

Answer 16

Us being happy

Question 17

According to Ellis, the loss of a job would act as …

Answer 17

An activating event

Question 18

What can an activating event do, according to Ellis?

Answer 18

Trigger irrational beliefs

Question 19

According to Ellis, two types of irrational beliefs are…

Answer 19

Musterbation and utopianism

Question 20

According to Ellis, vulnerability to depression is the __________ of the irrational beliefs

Answer 20

Consequence

Question 21

“The world should be fair” is an example of what irrational belief

Answer 21

Utopianism

Question 22

What is an example of a utopianist thought?

Answer 22

The world should be fair

Question 23

What is an example of a musterbatory thought

Answer 23

I must always achieve perfection

Question 24

“I must always achieve perfection” is an example of what type of belief?

Answer 24

Musterbation

Question 25

Beck's explanation of depression focuses on what type of thoughts

Answer 25

Negative

Question 26

Ellis' explanation of depression focuses on what type of thoughts

Answer 26

Irrational

Question 27

Irrational thoughts are associated with which psychologists cognitive explanation of depression?

Answer 27

Ellis

Question 28

Negative thoughts are associated with which cognitive psychologist's explanation of depression

Answer 28

Beck

Question 29

Why are Beck and Ellis' explanations of depression an important part of applied psychology?

Answer 29

As they have been used to develop treatments; CBT

Question 30

What is the problem with the cognitive approaches suggestion that depressive vulnerability is **caused** by negative / irrational thoughts?

Answer 30

Cause & effect cannot be established

Question 31

CBT stands for…

Answer 31

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Question 32

What is the **cognitive** aim of CBT?

Answer 32

Identify and challenge negative and irrational thoughts and turn them into more positive ones

Question 33

What is the **behavioural** aim of CBT?

Answer 33

To put more effective behaviours in place

Question 34

What is one strategy used to challenge irrational or negative thoughts ?

Answer 34

Empirical / disputing

Question 35

In empirical disupting, the therapist will ask for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 35

Evidence

Question 36

What two things will the therapist ask clients to complete during CBT?

Answer 36

Homework & diary

Question 37

What is the purpose of the patient completing homework and a diary during CBT?

Answer 37

To test the reality of / to challenge their beliefs

Question 38

What is the **behavioural** strategy in CBT known as?

Answer 38

Behavioural activation

Question 39

What is the aim of the behavioural component of CBT?

Answer 39

Put more effective behaviours in place

Question 40

**How** is behavioural activation completed?

Answer 40

Encouraging the individual to be more active

Question 41

**How** is behavioural activation completed?

Answer 41

Encouraging the individual to be more active

Question 42

What effect does **behavioural activation** on the negative thoughts associated with depression?

Answer 42

Improves mood, so reduces negative thoughts

Question 43

Who conducted research into the effectiveness of CBT ?

Answer 43

March (2007)

Question 44

What group of people did March investigate ?

Answer 44

Adolescents with depression

Question 45

What % did March find had improved following CBT ?

Answer 45

81 %

Question 46

What % did March find had improved following CBT and anti-depressants ?

Answer 46

86%

Question 47

Why does empirical disputing require motivation and commitment?

Answer 47

As patients have to complete homework over a long period of time

Question 48

Why may empirical disputing be an inappropriate strategy to use **with someone who suffers from depression** **?**

Answer 48

As individuals with depression often lack motivation

Question 49

Is CBT: A) Past and present focused B) Past and future focused C) Present and future focused

Answer 49

C) Present and future focused

Question 50

Why may the fact CBT is present and future focused be a problem for those with depression?

Answer 50

As they be aware of an issue in their past which they may want to discuss