>psychopathology - depression - treatments Flashcards
what is CBT?
-client behavioural therapy
-therapy that combines both cognitive (changing thoughts) + behavioural (changing behaviours) therapies
-cognitive -> identifying irrational/negative thoughts
-behavioural-> testing beliefs using behavioural experiments + homework
-before CBT begins there is an initial assessment to identify faulty thinking patterns
-therapist + patient then set goals + plan of action to achieve those goals
two types of CBT?
-Becks cognitive therapy
-Ellis REBT
2 types of CBT?
-Becks cognitive therapy
-Ellis REBT
outline Becks cognitive therapy
-based on negative triad
-therapist + patient identify negative thoughts about themselves, the future + their world
-these negative thoughts will be discussed + challenged throughout therapy
-client will be given homework to test validity of their negative beliefs
outline Becks cognitive therapy
-based on negative triad
-patient + therapist identify negative thoughts about themselves, future + their world
-these thoughts will later be discussed + challenged throughout therapy
-client will be given homework to test validity of their negative beliefs
outline Ellis REBT:
-rational emotive behavioural therapy
-Ellis extended his ABC model to treat depression ABC(DEF)
-Disputing irrational beliefs
-Effect of disputations
-new Feelings that are produced
-aim -> to challenge + dispute irrational beliefs associated with depression + replace them with effective, rational beliefs
outline Ellis REBT:
-rational emotive behavioural therapy
-Ellis extended his ABC model to treat depression ABC(DEF)
-Disputing irrational beliefs
-Effect of disputations
-new Feelings that are produced
-aim -> to challenge + dispute irrational beliefs associated with depression + replace them with effective, rational beliefs
what are the 3 types of arguments for dispute?
-logical, disputing whether beliefs flow logically from the facts eg does thinking in this way make sense?
-empirical, disputing whether beliefs are supported with evidence eg what are the facts that support the belief?
-pragmatic, emphasises the lack of usefulness of their beliefs eg how is this belief likely to help me?
behavioural activation?
-one common symptom of depression is reduction in activities patient used to enjoy
-they are encouraged to increase activity levels + anticipate any cognitive obstacles preventing them from doing so during therapy
-they will be encouraged to engage in more activities they enjoy to act as a reward + alleviate depression
homework?
-many types of CBT use homework to aid patients progress between sessions
-eg if person feels they are not liked they may be asked to record how many people smile at them during the day, someone who fears rejection may be set a task of asking someone out on a date
-this allows patient to challenge their beliefs and prove them wrong
advantages of CBT?
-research support, Ellis 90% success over an average of 27 sessions, March et al conducted a study on 327 adolescents. CBT jut as effective as medication (81% CBT group, 81% medication, 86% combination)
disadvantages of CBT?
-requires motivation to be effective, patients need to put in a lot of effort -> high drop out rates + disengagement, particularly in severe cases
-individual differences, may not be effective for those with high levels of irrational beliefs which are rigid + resistant to change
-overemphasis on cognition, may ignore other influences eg poverty/abuse that need to be resolved in order to treat depression
-not all patients tackle depression in this way, Yondri et al found that depressed people rated CBT as least preferred psychological therapy, some patients with trauma may wish to look into the origins of their thoughts, but many prefer quicker + easier therapies eg medication
