> attachment: cultural variations

Question 1

cross cultural variations background?

Answer 1

-child-rearing practices vary across cultures, one culture may have one person doing most of the caregiving however other cultures may have multiple carers
-cross cultural differences in how different types off attachment are viewed
-eg in the UK -> england, insecure-avoidant is seen as negative as its a weak attachment between parents + infant whereas in germany its seen as a positive thing as its more independant

Question 2

two names for research into attachment?

Answer 2

-grossman + grossman
-Kyoung

Question 3

grossman + grossman?

Answer 3

-found that german infants had a high proportion of insecure attachments
-may be due to differences in child bearing practises, eg in german culture its normal for distance to be put between parents + children
-from this, they concluded that there are cross cultural differences in attachments

Question 4

Kyoung?

Answer 4

-used strange situation to compare 87 korean families to 118 american families
-notable differences: korean children more likely to spend time away from mother, however when mother returned, was much more likely to play with infant
-despite this there was still a similar proportion of secure attachments found in both Korea + America
-suggesting different child rearing practises can still lead to secure attachments being formed

Question 5

evaluation- advantages?

Answer 5

-different patterns in strange situation study show different values + practises across cultures
-eg high proportion of insecure attachments in germany show that they place more emphasis on early independence training

Question 6

evaluation- disadvantages?

Answer 6

-the greater amount of insecure-resistant attachment types in Japan may have resulted from stress due to unfamiliarity of strange situation being around strangers
-as Japanese parents rarely tend to leave their children

Question 7

Bowlbys monotropic theory?

Answer 7

-special type of relationship -> highest in hierarchy of relationships
-mental model of the world that allows children to predict, control + manipulate their environment
-have many models/schemas
-suggested that model provides a basis for all future relationships