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Carl's SFE cards > Psychopathology > Flashcards

Psychopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Essential features of Autism Spectrum Disorders

A

Social communication and interaction are restricted; repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

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2
Q

Essential feature of any anxiety disorder

A

Anticipation of future threat that brings excessive fear

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3
Q

Essential features of depressive disorders

A

presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual’s ability to function

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4
Q

Essential features of personality disorders

A
  • Enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior
  • deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture
  • pervasive and inflexible
  • onset in adolescence or early adulthood
  • stable over time
  • leads to distress or impairment.
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5
Q

Essential features of bipolar disorders

A

Characterized by at least one episode of either hypomania (bipolar 2) or mania (bipolar 1) followed by a swing into at least one depressive episode

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6
Q

Features of trauma disorders

A

Any disorder in which exposure to traumatic or stressful event is listed explicitly as a diagnostic criteria
-Usually has intrusive symptoms from trauma

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7
Q

Alzheimer’s dementia

A

impaired cognition has not been present since birth or very early in life, representing a decline from previously attained level of functioning

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8
Q

Diagnostic criteria for DSM-5

A

reflect quantitative deviations from “normal” functioning along particular dimensions to create a profile of emotional functioning

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9
Q

Ideas of categorical classification

A
  • Developed from medical field
  • assumes disorders have specific etiologies, pathologies, and treatments
  • assumes disorders are both qualitatively distinct from normal functioning and from one another
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10
Q

what are the 3 Limitations of categorical classification?

A
  • doesn’t account for comorbidity
  • certain disorders do not have distinct boundaries (e.g. mood and personality disorders, impulse control and psychosis)
  • Symptoms often seem more continuous than categorical
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11
Q

FIDO (for developmental/neurological disorders)

A
  • Frequency
  • Intensity
  • Duration
  • Onset
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12
Q

Main features of ADHD

A
  • A disorder of executive functioning

- Disrupted attention, spatial working memory, short term memory, response inhibition and set-shifting

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13
Q

Essential features of schizophrenia

A
  • At least delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech (positive symptoms)
  • Can have disorganized behavior or catatonia or other negative symptoms (diminished emotional expression, avolition, asociality, anhedonia, alogia)
  • does not occur during a mood disturbance
  • early adulthood or adolescence onset
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14
Q

Various hypotheses for etiology of Schizophrenia (or risk factors)

A
  • Enlarged ventricles
  • behavioral genetics (50% chance if both parents have it)
  • stress-vulnerability model
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15
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

Psychotic symptoms in the presence of a mood disorder. Can be bipolar or depressive

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16
Q

Hypotheses for etiology of depressive disorders

A
  • about 31-42% genetic heritability
  • learning and modeling: attributional errors modeled after parents, coping strategies, low reinforcements
  • prolonged exposure to stressful life events
17
Q

Manic symptoms (GRAPES)

A
  • (G) inflated self-esteem/grandiosity
  • (R) racing thoughts/flight of ideas
  • (A) psychomotor agitation or increase in goal-directed activity-
  • (P) pressured speech
  • (E) elated, expansive, euphoric mood
  • (S) decreased need for sleep
  • distractibility
  • hedonistic interests
18
Q

cyclothymia

A

at least 2 years (1 in childhood or adolescence), numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for hypomanic episode
-criteria not met for MDD

19
Q

FIND (for bipolar)

A

Frequency
Intensity
Number
Duration

20
Q

Bipolar prognoses

A

BPD I: more severe, more cycling, increase risk of substance abuse, tend to recover between episodes
BPD II: more chronic, more major depressive, increased anxiety

21
Q

Some relevant predictors of Bipolar

A
  • polygenetic etiology
  • white matter hyperintensities
  • smaller amygdala
  • decreased hippocampal volume
  • difficulties in brain connectivity
22
Q

Common anxiety medications

A

SSRI, SNRI, MAOI, Benzodiazepines (very addictive), Beta blockers (as needed)

23
Q

Essential features of OCD

A
  • pressence of obsessions, compulsions, or both, which are time-consuming and cause clinically significant distress or impairment
  • driving force is to reduce the anxiety from obsessions
24
Q

Best therapy treatment for OCD

A

exposure and response - hierarchy of situations

25
Q

Reactive Attachment Disorder

A
  • Inhibited (unhealthy) attachment (either too close/no boundaries, or too distant) presumably caused by insufficient care, comfort/affection, or from neglect and deprivation
  • Usually socially withdrawn, does not seek comfort in distress and does not respond to it
26
Q

Essential features of Dissociative disorders

A

-lack of integration. Can look like dissociative amnesia, depersonalization, derealization, multiple states of personality

27
Q

Dissociation

A

lack of integration

28
Q

Somatization

A
  • can be more common in cultures where mind and body are less separate
  • medically unexplained positive physical symptoms
29
Q

Pica

A

eating non-food, non-nutritive substances for over a month

30
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • restriction of food intake relative to nutrition requirements needed to maintain body weight at or above minimally normal weight for age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health
  • intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
  • Can be restricting or bingeing/purging
31
Q

Bulemia Nervosa

A

recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by recurrent episodes of overly-compensatory episodes (purging or over-exercising)

32
Q

Diagnostic considerations for sexual dysfunction and paraphilias

A
  • lifelong vs. acquired
  • general vs. situational
  • partner factors
  • relationship factors
  • individual vulnerability factors
  • cultural factors
  • medical factors
  • minimum 6 month duration
33
Q

Cluster A personality disorders

A

Odd or eccentric: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

34
Q

Cluster B personality disorders

A

Dramatic or erratic: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

35
Q

Cluster C personality disorders

A

Anxious or fearful: avoidant, dependent, Obsessive-compulsive

Carl's SFE cards (4 decks)

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