Psychopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What definitions are there of abnormality?

A

Statistical infrequently, deviation from social norms, failure to function adequately, and deviation from ideal mental health

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2
Q

What is statistical infrequently?

A

Behaviour is considered abnormal if it is statistically rare or unusual

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3
Q

What is deviation from social norms?

A

Behaviour that is abnormal as it goes against unwritten rules of society

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4
Q

What is failure to function adequately

A

Behaviour is abnormal if it interferes with the individuals ability to have a normal life

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5
Q

What is deviation from ideal mental health?

A

Behaviour is considered abnormal if it lacks the characteristics of ideal mental health

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6
Q

who invented the ABC model and what is it?

A

invented by Ellis, and it is a cognitive approach to explaining depression

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7
Q

what does A stand for and refer to in the ABC model?

A

A stand for the Activating event which is the event which activates irrational thinking

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8
Q

what does B stand for and refer to in the ABC model?

A

B stands for belief, the thoughts that are triggered by the activating event

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9
Q

what does c stand for and refer to in the ABC model?

A

C stands for consequence, how a person behaves due to their new belief

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10
Q

what does D stand for and refer to in the ABC model?

A

D refers to disputing the irrational belief

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11
Q

what does E stand for and refer to in the ABC model?

A

E stands for Effect of disputing

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12
Q

what does F stand for and refer to in the ABC model?

A

F stands for feelings, referring to the new feelings produced

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13
Q

what is logical disputing?

A

questioning whether self defeating beliefs follow the facts logically

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14
Q

what is empirical disputing?

A

questioning

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15
Q

who theorised the “negative triad”?

A

Aaron Beck

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16
Q

what are the three parts of the negative triad?

A

negative view of the self, negative view of the world, negative view of the future.

17
Q

What does Beck describe as the cause of depression?

A

A negative schema, which has been acquired at an early age, and lead to systematic cognitive biases (jumping to conclusions)

18
Q

what is the biologicals approach to treating OCD?

A

Drugs- SSRIs- selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters

19
Q

how do SSRIs work?

A

they inhibit the reuptake of serotonin into the pre-synaptic neurons, increasing the levels of serotonin passing across each synapse, which may normalise the circuit

20
Q

what disorder may the COMT gene contribute to, and how?

A

the COMT gene may contribute to OCD, as it regulates the production of dopamine, and the variant of the COMT gene which has been linked to OCD produces more dopamine.

21
Q

what disorder may the SERT gene contribute to, and how?

A

the SERT gene is linked to OCD and is involved in the transport of serotonin, and a variant of the COMT gene has shown lower production of serotonin, linked to OCD in patients

22
Q

what is one neurological explanation for OCD (not involving neurotransmitters)?

A

Abnormal brain circuits. Damage to the caudate nucleus, which leads to heightened activity in the orbitofrontal cortex

23
Q

name the parts of the worry circuit, and what their functions are.

A

1)orbitofrontal cortex- sends signals to the thalamus about about things that are worrying.
2)caudate nucleus - (located in the basal ganglia) it supresses signals from the orbitofrontal cortex.