Psychopathology Flashcards
What is psychopathology?
Scientific study of mental disorders
What is the meaning of deviating from social norms?
Argues we all know what ‘normal’ behaviours are and what they look like as a society
What are social norms?
Commonly accepted standards of behaviour
Explicit social norms?
Written rules (laws)
What are implicit social norms?
Unwritten rules - generally accepted rules
Deviation?
The act of departing from the standard, behaviour can be considered abnormal if society considers it as unacceptable
What are the 4 factors of deviation?
Time, cultural relativism, context, and degree
Example of social norms changing over time?
- smoking indoors, used to be normal, now unacceptable
What is Beck’s negative triad theory?
Three schemas with a persistent automatic bias
- the self, feeling inadequate or unworthy
- the world, thinking people are hostile
- the future, thinking ‘things will always turn out badly’
What is over generalisation?
one negative experience results in an assumption that the same thing will always happen
What is selective abstraction?
Mentally filtering out positive experiences and focusing on the negative
What is Ellis’ ABC model?
A- activating event, anything that happens to someone
B- belief, people with depression have irrational beliefs
C- consequences, irrational beliefs lead to negative consequences
What is mustaborty thinking?
The consequence of not accepting we don’t live in a perfect world, e.g failing to achieve unrealistic goals lead to disappointment
What is part of Beck’s CBT?
- Patient as a scientist
- Thought catching
- Homework tasks
- Behavioural activation
What is patient as a scientist?
Patient tests the validity of their irrational thoughts, when they realise they don’t match reality they will change their schemas
What is thought catching?
Identifying negative thoughts coming from negative triad of schemas
What are homework tasks?
Keeping a diary, recording negative thoughts and identifying situations that cause negative thoughts
What is behavioural activation?
Taking part in old activities they used to enjoy
What is Ellis’ REBT?
Rational emotive behavioural therapy, development of the ABC model.
D- dispute, therapist confronting irrational thoughts
E- empirical arguments, use logical arguments to show their beliefs don’t make sense
What is shame attacking exercises?
The client performs a behaviour they fear doing in front of others. Shows you can survive other people’s disapproval
