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Psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 4 definitions of abnormality

A

failure to function adequately
deviation from ideal mental health
deviation from social norms, statistical infrequency

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2
Q

what are the 5 signs of FFA

A

maladaptive behaviour
personal anguish
observer difficulty
irrationality
unconventionality

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3
Q

deviation from mental health 6

A

environmental mastery
autonomy
resistance to stress
self-actualisation
positive attitude towards oneself
accurate perception of reality

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4
Q

phobia behavioural characteristics

A

avoidance, panic (screaming), failure to function

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5
Q

phobia emotional characteristics

A

anxiety, fear

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6
Q

phobia cognitive characteristics

A

irrational thoughts, reduce cognitive capacity

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7
Q

ocd behavioural characteristics

A

compulsions, avoidance, social impairment

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8
Q

ocd emotional characteristics

A

anxiety, depression

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9
Q

ocd cognitive characteristics

A

obsessions, hyper vigilance, selective attention

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10
Q

depression behavioural characteristics

A

reduction in activity level, change in eating behaviours, increase in aggression

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11
Q

depression cognitive characteristics

A

poor concentration, negative schema

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12
Q

depression emotional characteristics

A

sadness, guilt

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13
Q

two-process model

A

phobia acquisition through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning

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14
Q

systematic desensitisation steps

A

1) anxiety hierachy is made
2)client taught relaxtion techniques
3)exposure, client exposed to phobic stimulus and uses relaxation techniques between each level

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15
Q

flooding steps

A

-client taught relaxation
-exposed to phobic stimulus
-becomes very distressed
-relaxation techniques used while exposed
-after a while, becomes less distressed

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16
Q

2 explanations of depression

A

beck’s negative triad
ellis’s ABC model

17
Q

becks negative triad

A

self (negative self schemas)
world (thinking it’s hostile/threatening)
future (thinking things will always turn out badly)

18
Q

ellis’s abc model

A

a=activating event
b=belief (irrational)
=consequence

19
Q

where does beck say negative schema’s originate from?

A

may occur from a traumatic event e.g bullying, usually negative schemas develop in childhood

20
Q

cognitive approach for explaining depression

A

depression is due to irrational thoughts, resulting from maladaptive internal mental processes

21
Q

what are the 2 treatments for depression

A

CBT & REBT

22
Q

4 parts to CBT

A

patient as scientist
thought-catching
HWK tasks (diary)
behavioural activation

23
Q

Elli’s REBT

A

developed ABC, added D for dispute, E for effect

24
Q

what does REBT therapy aim to do

A

identify & dispute irrational thoughts to break link between negative life events and depression

25
Q

2 types of arguments in REBT

A

empirical- seeks evidence of belief/thought
behavioural- questions the logic

26
Q

neurotransmitters link to ocd

A

chemical messengers in the brain that balance mood thoughts & behaviours.
imbalances (particularly in dopamine, serotonin may contribute to ocd

27
Q

brain structure link to ocd

A

prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia structure and activity differences

28
Q

genetics link to ocd

A

family & twin studies indicate genetic component, SERT (serotonin) & COMT (dopamine) gene

29
Q

how does drug treatment help ocd?

A

decreases anxiety, lowers arousal, blood pressure and heart rate

30
Q

how do drug treatments work?

A

adressing a chemical imbalance in the brain by increasing/decreasing the activity of neurotransmitters at the synapse

31
Q

how do SSRI’s work?

A

block re uptake channels in synapse preventing serotonin re uptake .
increases lvls of seretonin in synapse- continues to stimualate post-synaptic neuron
-normalises worry circuit activity

32
Q

how do tricyclics work?

A

blocks transporter mechanisms that reabsorbs serotonin and nor-adrenaline increasing levels, prolonging activity in synapse

33
Q

statistical infrequency definitions

A

implies that a disorder is abnormal if its frequency is more than 2 standard deviations away from the mean incidence rates represented on a normally-distributed bell curve

34
Q

failure to function definition

A

Rosenhan,if someone’s mental state stops them from a ‘normal life ‘alongside the associated normal levels of motivation and obedience to
social norms, they may be considered as abnormal.

35
Q

deviation from social norms definition

A

straying away from social norms specific to a certain culture e.g being aggressive to a stranger

Psychology (6 decks)

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