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Psychology > Attatchment > Flashcards

Attatchment Flashcards

1
Q

interactional synchrony

A

caregiver + infant reflect both actions/emotions of each other in a coordinated way
‘mirroring’

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2
Q

reciprocity

A

2 way process
adult + infant respond to eachothers signals (verbal, facial, behaviours), taking it in turns
like a conversation

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3
Q

attatchment

A

2 way emotional bond between 2 individuals, in which each individual sees the other as essential for their own emotional security

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4
Q

schaffer’s stages of attatchment

A

asocial
indiscrimiante attatchments
specific attatchments
multiple attatchments

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5
Q

cuboard love theory

A

we learn attachments to the person providing us with food

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6
Q

AMSCI

A

adaptive, monotropic, social releasers, critical period, IWM

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7
Q

how long did bowlbys maternal deprivation theory say the critical period was

A

first 30 months

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8
Q

what happens if there’s a lack of monotropy attachment

A

permanent negative social, intellectual & intellectual consequences for development

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9
Q

attatchment types

A

secure, insecure resistant, insecure avoidant

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10
Q

strange situation findings

A

secure most common
insecure least common
avoidant more common in individualistic western cultures resistant in collectivist non-western
more variation within countries than between

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11
Q

insecure avoidant

A

keep distance
exploring freely
low stranger and seperation anxiety
when mum returns, don’t look for comfort
mum shows little sensitive responsiveness

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12
Q

secure

A

use mum as safe base as exploring
moderate stranger/seperation axniety
happy reunion/settle quick
mum shows SRi

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13
Q

insecure resistant

A

clingy/don’t explore
seeking closeness to mum
high stranger/seperation anxiety
mum returns=ambivalent
mum shows inconsistent SR

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14
Q

maternal deprivation consequences

A

deliquency, low IQ, affectionate psychopathy

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15
Q

What did Rutter suggest about the effects of privation?

A

adoption within first 6 months is important, rate of recovery depends of age of adoption. The effects of privation are severe/long-lasting but many show recovery after adoption at 2, suggesting CP is sensitive

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16
Q

Hazen & Shaver (influence of early attachment)

A

argue adults relationship type is a continuation of their infants attachment style. argues if secure= more socially capable in childhood/adulthood than insecure due to an effective IWM

17
Q

continuity hypothesis

A

suggests an individuals future will follow a pattern based on IWM

18
Q

schaffer/emerson stages of attachment findings

A

-seperation anxiety occured most by 25-35weeks
-stranger anxiety month later
-in 18 month follow up 87% had multiple attachments
suggesting development occurs in 4 stages, quality of caregiver infant interactions matters to strength of attachment

19
Q

schaffer/emerson stages of attachment aim

A

to identify stages of attachment

20
Q

schaffer/emerson procedure

A

-anaylysed CI interactions
-mothers kept a diary tracking infants behaviours of seperation/stranger anxiety & social referencing
-visited infants once a month then at the end

21
Q

schaffer role of father findings

A

75% attached to father by 18m
-29% within a month of primary attachment demonstrated by seperation anxiety
-suggesting father role is important but unlikely to be first attachment

22
Q

grossman 2002 role of father

A

-longitudinal study
-mothers were primary attachment bc they took physical&emotional care of child
-father’s secondary bc they played with child

23
Q

classical conditioning explanation

A

-association between mum (NS) & pleasure, bc of food (innate UCR)
-associated mum w/ pleasure of being fed
-mum becomes CS, also causing pleasure
-baby feels happy near mum
-formation of attachment

24
Q

operant conditioning explanation

A

-baby cries, triggering a response e.g mother feeding/comforting
-more frequent= more reinforced
-child associated mother w/ rewards
-being rewarded encourages baby to cry to recieve more reward
-food primary reinforcer, mother seconday

25
Q

what was bowlby’s theory of monptropy

A

-evolutionary explanation
-argues infants have an innate drive to form an especially strong monotropic attachment to their mother and stay close in proximity
-says it’s instinctual, vital to survive

26
Q

lorenz goose study procedure

A

-goose eggs randomly divided, half to hatch w biological mother, half to hatch w/ lorenz & incubator

27
Q

lorenz goose study findings

A

-goslings he hatched followed him, not bio-mum
-those that hatched naturally followed bio-mum (imprinted on mum/lorenz)
-critical period of 32hrs- if hadn’t imprinted then, they’d have lost the ability

28
Q

harlows monkey procedure

A

-placed in cage w fake mums
-1 mum provided milk, other was comfort

29
Q

harlows monkey findings

A

-spent most of time with comfort cloth, only seeing food mum quickly to eat
-returned to comfort when frightened
-monkeys w/o comfort mum had stress related illnesses

30
Q

what did maternal deprivation cause harlows monkeys

A

-permanent social disorders as adults
-difficulty mating/raising offspring

31
Q

van ijzendoorn procedure

A

-large scale meta analysis
-200 infants
-32 studies
-8 countries
-studied attachment using strange situation

32
Q

van ijzendoorn findings

A

-secure most common in all countries
-avoidant most common in individualistic countries
-resistant in collectivist non-western
-more variation

33
Q

van ijzendoorn country percentages for attachment types

A

germany IA= 35%
japan IR= 27%
china least secure= 50%
UK most secure= 75%

34
Q

strange situation procedure

A

-106 infants 48-67 weeks old
-structured observation, controlled lab
-each stage 3 min
-assessed proximity, secure base, stranger&seperation anxiety, reunion response & SR

35
Q

strange situation findings

A

66% secure
34% insecure (21% IA, 12% IR)

36
Q

what did the strange situation findings suggest about attachment

A

a secure attachment develops due to the attention of a consistently SR mum

37
Q

what does an infant need during CP for secure attachment

A

consistent, monotropic, warm care

Psychology (7 decks)

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