Psychopathology

Question 1

Jahonda (1958)

Answer 1

7 aspects of mental health which are used to classify deviation from ideal mental health. Has no symptoms or distress. Is rational and can percieve themselves accurately. Self actualisation (can reach potential). Can cope with stress. Has a realistic view of the word. Has good self-esteem and a lack of guilt. Is independent of others. Can work, love and enjoy leisure.

Question 2

Watson and Rayner (1920)

Answer 2

Conditioned little Albert with classic conditioning to have a phobia of white rabbits and other white fluffy things. Supports classical explaination of the two-process model.

Question 3

Seligman (1971)

Answer 3

Some phobias may be genetic/evolutionary such as snakes or the dark. Alternate explaintion for phobias than the two process model.

Question 4

Gilroy et al (2003)

Answer 4

42 patients who had been treated for aracniphobia with 3 45 minute systematic desensitisation sessions were assessed with both their repsonse to a spider and questionnaire. Control group was those who had been treated with relaxation techniques without exposure. Less fearful at 3 and 33 months. supports positive long term effect of systematic desensitisation.

Question 5

Clark and Beck (1999)

Answer 5

Review of research on cognitive vulnerability as a cause of depression. Found solid support of these factors, they also appeared before depression started, therefore supports cognitive vulnerability as a cause for depression.

Question 6

March et al (2007)

Answer 6

Comparing the effectiveness of CBT, antidepressants and both on a group of teenagers with depression. After 36 weeks 81% of each the CBT and antidepressant group and 86% of the combination condition showed signs of improvement. Supports CBT and antidepressants as equally effective treatments.

Question 7

Luborsky et al (2002)

Answer 7

Found little difference in CBT and other therapy in effectiveness. All therapy is good due to trusting therapist client relationship, not speciifc CBT techniques. Ciritsises CBT

Question 8

Taylor (2013)

Answer 8

Found 230 candidate genes for OCD, mostly associated with dopamine and seritonin. Biological basis for OCD, but very complicated so not very applicable or useful.

Question 9

Nestadt et al (2010)

Answer 9

Reviewed lots of twin studies and found 68%/31% concordance for OCD in MZ/DZ twins. Suggests significant biological impact, but still partially environmental.

Question 10

Soomro et al (2009)

Answer 10

Reviewd 17 studies for SSRI effectiveness and found that SSRIs are more effective than placebo. Usually 70% have a significant decline in symptoms. Supports SSRIs as a treatment for OCD