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Psychology Paper 1 > Psychopathology > Flashcards

Psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

cognitive characteristics for depression?

A

black and white thinking
poor concentration

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2
Q

what is the deviation from social norms definition?

A

offends what is acceptable to society

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3
Q

what is SD and how does it work?

A

systematic desensitisation
create a hierarchy, relaxation, gradual exposure

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4
Q

what did March find in his study?

A

CBT 81%
DRUGS 81%
BOTH 86%

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5
Q

what is the statistical infrequency definition?

A

characteristics which are rare bottom 1% or top 1%

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6
Q

who proposed the two-process model and what does it suggest?

A

Mowrer, phobias are learnt via classical conditioning and maintained by operant conditioning

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7
Q

what are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?

A

obsessive thoughts, selective attention

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8
Q

what was Nestadt’s study?

A

MZ twins 68% have OCD
DZ twins 31% have OCD

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9
Q

what are the behavioural characteristics of depression?

A

aggression, altered energy levels

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10
Q

what is flooding?

A

sudden expose to phobia, can cause stress and not actually work

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11
Q

what is the deviation from ideal mental health definition?

A

look at what makes you normal

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12
Q

evaluate statistical infrequency

A

numerical so reliable, no bias data
doesn’t differentiate between positives and negatives

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13
Q

what is becks explanation for depression?

A

faulty info processing
negative self schema
negative triad

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14
Q

what is the Soomro study? and what is this for?

A

SSRI symptoms declined by 70%
SSRI & CBT more effective OCD

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15
Q

what is the failure to function adequately definition?

A

doesn’t complete the normal desired behaviour

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16
Q

what is the De Jongh experiment? and what does this tell us?

A

73% of patients with a dentist fear had a traumatic experience compared to 21% in control group. phobias are learnt by classical conditioning

17
Q

evaluate deviation from social norms

A

easy to identify
social norms change in each culture

18
Q

behavioural characteristics of phobias

A

avoidance, panic

19
Q

what is ellis’ CBT for depression?

A

ABCDE
provide evidence for and against to dispute belief

20
Q

emotional characteristics for depression?

A

low mood, anger, low self esteem

21
Q

evaluate failure to function adequately

A

identifies who needs help
people can still function but be ill

22
Q

what is the cohen experiment?

A

negative self schema and distortions predicted later depression

23
Q

evaluate biological treatments to OCD

A

drugs are cost-effective
dependency & reduce symptoms, not cure

24
Q

evaluate deviation from ideal mental health

A

gives you something to aim for
high standard

25
Q

what is the Gilroy experiment?

A

at both 3 and 33 months after SD, they were less fearful of spiders than control

26
Q

what did Watson do and what does this support?

A

give little albert a phobia of white rat by pairing them with a loud stimulus. supports phobias are learnt via classical conditioning

27
Q

what is the negative triad?

A

negative view of world, self and future

28
Q

what is becks CBT for depression?

A

identify negative thoughts and challenge them
patient as scientist, weighing up evidence for and against negative thought
homework

29
Q

emotional characteristics of OCD?

A

Anxiety, distress, low mood

30
Q

behavioral characteristics of OCD?

A

Avoidance, repetitive compulsions

31
Q

Neural explanation for OCD?
NT & structural

A

Neurochemicals (serotonin/dopamine) lower levels. Meaning mood-related transmission does not take place
Hyperactivity in the basal ganglia (linked to repetitive actions) = compulsions

32
Q

How is diathesis stress and OCD linked?

A

Person has to have genetic vulnerability and an environmental stressor to cause OCD

33
Q

What is the difference between obsessions and compulsions?

A

Obsessions ; internal and they are thoughts
Compulsions ; external components as they are behaviours

34
Q

What is the genetic explanation of OCD?
what study supports this

A

inherit it through genes
described as polygenic
Nesdalt and lewis

35
Q

What did Lewis find and what does this suggest?

A

Patients with OCD, 37% had parents with OCD while 21% had siblings with OCD. There is a biological component of OCD

Psychology Paper 1 (4 decks)

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