Psychopathology

Question 1

cognitive characteristics for depression?

Answer 1

black and white thinking
poor concentration

Question 2

what is the deviation from social norms definition?

Answer 2

offends what is acceptable to society

Question 3

what is SD and how does it work?

Answer 3

systematic desensitisation
create a hierarchy, relaxation, gradual exposure

Question 4

what did March find in his study?

Answer 4

CBT 81%
DRUGS 81%
BOTH 86%

Question 5

what is the statistical infrequency definition?

Answer 5

characteristics which are rare bottom 1% or top 1%

Question 6

who proposed the two-process model and what does it suggest?

Answer 6

Mowrer, phobias are learnt via classical conditioning and maintained by operant conditioning

Question 7

what are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?

Answer 7

obsessive thoughts, selective attention

Question 8

what was Nestadt’s study?

Answer 8

MZ twins 68% have OCD
DZ twins 31% have OCD

Question 9

what are the behavioural characteristics of depression?

Answer 9

aggression, altered energy levels

Question 10

what is flooding?

Answer 10

sudden expose to phobia, can cause stress and not actually work

Question 11

what is the deviation from ideal mental health definition?

Answer 11

look at what makes you normal

Question 12

evaluate statistical infrequency

Answer 12

numerical so reliable, no bias data
doesn’t differentiate between positives and negatives

Question 13

what is becks explanation for depression?

Answer 13

faulty info processing
negative self schema
negative triad

Question 14

what is the Soomro study? and what is this for?

Answer 14

SSRI symptoms declined by 70%
SSRI & CBT more effective OCD

Question 15

what is the failure to function adequately definition?

Answer 15

doesn’t complete the normal desired behaviour

Question 16

what is the De Jongh experiment? and what does this tell us?

Answer 16

73% of patients with a dentist fear had a traumatic experience compared to 21% in control group. phobias are learnt by classical conditioning

Question 17

evaluate deviation from social norms

Answer 17

easy to identify
social norms change in each culture

Question 18

behavioural characteristics of phobias

Answer 18

avoidance, panic

Question 19

what is ellis’ CBT for depression?

Answer 19

ABCDE
provide evidence for and against to dispute belief

Question 20

emotional characteristics for depression?

Answer 20

low mood, anger, low self esteem

Question 21

evaluate failure to function adequately

Answer 21

identifies who needs help
people can still function but be ill

Question 22

what is the cohen experiment?

Answer 22

negative self schema and distortions predicted later depression

Question 23

evaluate biological treatments to OCD

Answer 23

drugs are cost-effective
dependency & reduce symptoms, not cure

Question 24

evaluate deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 24

gives you something to aim for
high standard

Question 25

what is the Gilroy experiment?

Answer 25

at both 3 and 33 months after SD, they were less fearful of spiders than control

Question 26

what did Watson do and what does this support?

Answer 26

give little albert a phobia of white rat by pairing them with a loud stimulus. supports phobias are learnt via classical conditioning

Question 27

what is the negative triad?

Answer 27

negative view of world, self and future

Question 28

what is becks CBT for depression?

Answer 28

identify negative thoughts and challenge them patient as scientist, weighing up evidence for and against negative thought homework

Question 29

emotional characteristics of OCD?

Answer 29

Anxiety, distress, low mood

Question 30

behavioral characteristics of OCD?

Answer 30

Avoidance, repetitive compulsions

Question 31

Neural explanation for OCD? NT & structural

Answer 31

Neurochemicals (serotonin/dopamine) lower levels. Meaning mood-related transmission does not take place Hyperactivity in the basal ganglia (linked to repetitive actions) = compulsions

Question 32

How is diathesis stress and OCD linked?

Answer 32

Person has to have genetic vulnerability and an environmental stressor to cause OCD

Question 33

What is the difference between obsessions and compulsions?

Answer 33

Obsessions ; internal and they are thoughts Compulsions ; external components as they are behaviours

Question 34

What is the genetic explanation of OCD? what study supports this

Answer 34

inherit it through genes described as polygenic Nesdalt and lewis

Question 35

What did Lewis find and what does this suggest?

Answer 35

Patients with OCD, 37% had parents with OCD while 21% had siblings with OCD. There is a biological component of OCD