Memory

Question 1

who’s model is the Multi-store model?

Answer 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 2

what is the Johnson & Scott study?

Answer 2

bloody knife (high anxiety group) 33% face recall
pen (low anxiety group) 49% recall

Question 3

who proposed the 3 different types of LTM?

Answer 3

Tulving

Question 4

what is the tunnel theory?

Answer 4

concentration narrows to one aspect of the crime scene when anxiety is high

Question 5

what are the two types of interference theory and what do they mean?

Answer 5

retroactive - new info interferes with old
proactive - old info interferes with new

Question 6

who conducted the study into misleading infomation?

Answer 6

Loftus and Palmer

Question 7

what are the 3 different stores in the multi-store model?

Answer 7

sensory register, STM and LTM

Question 8

what are the 3 different types of LTM and what do they mean?

Answer 8

procedural - skills
sematic - meanings of words
episodic - events in our lives

Question 9

who proposed the working memory model?

Answer 9

Baddely and Hitch

Question 10

what is the Yuille and Cutshall experiment?

Answer 10

real life robbery
high anxiety group, face recall 88%
low anxiety group, face recall 75%

Question 11

who found the cognitive interview?

Answer 11

Fisher and Geisleman

Question 12

what are the different cues in retrieval failure and what do they mean?

Answer 12

internal - state of mind
external - environment

Question 13

what was the experiment for duration of STM?

Answer 13

Peterson and Peterson, trigrams 30seconds

Question 14

what is Baddeley and Hitch experiement?

Answer 14

Rugby players, when asked who they played 2 weeks ago, the people they played last week interfered. retroactive

Question 15

who conducted the experiment into the coding of STM and LTM?

Answer 15

Baddeley, STM coded acoustically and LTM coded semantically

Question 16

what are the different aspects of the cognitive interview?

Answer 16

context reinforcers - find cues
order - change it
perception - change it
recall everything.

Question 17

what did Gabbert find?

Answer 17

after discussion, 71% of witnesses observed something they didn’t see

Question 18

what were the results to Loftus and Plamers experiment?

Answer 18

contacted - 33mph, 0 glass
smashed - 41mph, glass

Question 19

what was Carter and Cassadys experiment?

Answer 19

antihistamines, recall better when in matching conditions

Question 20

what is the episodic buffer?

Answer 20

combines both phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad

Question 21

who conducted the experiment into the duration of LTM and what did they find?

Answer 21

Bahrik, recall after 48 years was 70%, duration limitless

Question 22

what is the visuospatial sketchpad?

Answer 22

inner eye

Question 23

what did McGeoch and McDonald find?

Answer 23

similar words were harder to recall, retroactive interference

Question 24

what is Tulvings ESP?

Answer 24

a cue has to be present at learning/encoding and retrieval

Question 25

who conducted the experiment into capacity of STM and what did they find?

Answer 25

Miller, 7 +- 2 digits

Question 26

what is the phonological loop?

Answer 26

inner ear/voice

Question 27

what did Godden and Baddeley find?

Answer 27

divers, 40% lower recall in non matching conditions

Question 28

what is the central executive?

Answer 28

attention, controls all the slave systems

Question 29

what did Milne and Bull find?

Answer 29

report everything and context reinforcers are most effective

Question 30

What did Kohnken find and what does this suggest

Answer 30

41% increase in accurate info, supports cognitive interview BUT also found increase of inaccurate info

Question 31

What does Clive Wearing support?

Answer 31

Procedural memory in tract, episodic didn’t work
Supports tulvings different types of LTM

Question 32

What happens to HM and what does this support?

Answer 32

Had hippocampus removed, episodic memory damaged, others ok
Shows different types of LTM