Attachment Flashcards
what was fields study?
when farther becomes primary caregiver, they adopt a more nurturing behaviour
what do you compare bowlbys monotropic theory with?
learning theory
evaluate the research of Ainsworth study (positives)
no demand characteristics as babies cant guess
controlled observation
High mundane realism
what are the 3 different attachment styles? & there percentages?
insecure avoidant - 20-25%
secure attachment - 70-75%
insecure resistant - 3%
what did Lorenz find?
animals followed whatever hatched them (imprinting)
what is Bowlby’s monotropic theory?
adaptive
social releasers
critical period
monotropy
internal working model
what did Grossman find?
Quality of attachment with fathers not important but quality of play w father is
what did Schaffer find?
stages of attachment
Asocial
indiscriminate
specific attachment
multiple attachment
Harlows monkeys
gave a choice of food or contact comfort
monkeys chose contact comfort (fear reductionist)
what is the 44 thieves study?
12 out of 44 affectionless psychopaths experienced maternal deprivation
what did bailey find and what does this suggest?
mother attachment style tends to be passed onto children. suggests we do have an internal working model
what did Hazen and Shaver find?
SA people had best relationships and IR most likely divorce
what did rutter find and what does this support?
Romanian orphan study - children who spent longer in institutions suffered more problems (lower IQ) supports Bowlby maternal deprivation
what did van ijzendorn find and what does this mean?
collectivist cultures have more IR meaning attachment is different across cultures
who did Glasgow babies experiment?
Schaffer and Emerson
What did Myron-Wilson & Smith find?
SA more likely to be bullied
IR more likely to be bullies
What is the definition of attachment?
A strong 2-way reciprocal bond between an infant and a primary caregiver
What did meltzof and Moore find and what does this show?
Mothers respond to alert phases. Shows reciprocity
What did the tronick still face experiment find and what does this show?
Babies respond to mothers facial expressions and ‘baby talk’. Shows reciprocity
Evaluate research into caregiver-infant interactions
All naturalistic observations
Demand characteristics - mother can behave differently when observed
Socially sensitive - suggests mother should stay home
What did Isabella find?
Level of caregiver-infant interaction was positively correlated with quality of persons attachment
How is operant conditioning used in attachment?
Positive reinforcement, baby is rewarded with food when crying
Negative reinforcement, mother attending to the baby stopping them crying
Who founded the maternal deprivation theory?
Bowlby
What did goldfarb find and what does this suggest?
Lower IQ in children who remain in institutions compared to fostered children. Maternal deprivation is an intellectual problem
