psychology unit 4

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

our sensory receptors and nervous system receive stimulus from our environment
-from our sense organs

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful object and events

Question 3

bottom-up processing

Answer 3

having no prior knowledge: working your way to higher levels of processing

Question 4

top-down processing

Answer 4

having prior knowledge: start with higher knowledge going to higher knowledge

Question 5

selective attention

Answer 5

focusing of attention on selected aspects of the environment

Question 6

cocktail party phenomenon

Answer 6

ability to focus on one conversation ignoring other stimuli

Question 7

ADHD

Answer 7

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
-focus on all stimuli in an environment
-almost impossible to process information correctly

Question 8

inattentional blindness

Answer 8

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.
-EX: walking into clear glass on the phone

Question 9

change blindness

Answer 9

failing to notice changes in the environment
-EX: person swap

Question 10

pop out

Answer 10

noticing an angry face in a picture rather than the other happy faces

Question 11

transduction

Answer 11

conversation of one form of energy into another

Question 12

absolute threshold

Answer 12

minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus
-EX: candle being farther away but you can still see it

Question 13

signal detection theory

Answer 13

predicts when we will detect weak signals
-EX: you think you are getting a call, but you aren’t

Question 14

subliminal

Answer 14

below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness
-EX: putting inappropriate things in kids movies

Question 15

priming

Answer 15

activation often unconsciously, predisposing ones perception, memory, or response.
-EX: tiktok

Question 16

difference threshold

Answer 16

minimum difference a person can detect between 2 stimuli
-EX: knowing its your babies cry between 2 babies

Question 17

weber’s law

Answer 17

to be perceived as different, 2 stimuli must different by a constant % not a constant amount

Question 18

sensory adaptation

Answer 18

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
-EX: friends house smells, you get used to it, come home and your clothes smell like smoke

Question 19

perceptual set

Answer 19

perceive one thing but not another
-EX: I see a turtle cloud, my friends don’t

Question 20

parapsychology

Answer 20

study of paranormal phenomenon

Question 21

ESP-extrasensory perception

Answer 21

perception can occur apart from sensory input
(extra sense)

Question 22

telepathy (esp)

Answer 22

mind to mind communication

Question 23

clairvoyance (esp)

Answer 23

perceiving remote events
EX: I think my friends house is on fire

Question 24

precognition (esp)

Answer 24

perceiving future events
EX: solace movie (I think that marker will fall, it falls)