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Psychology Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychology?

A

The scientific study of behaviours and mental processes

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2
Q

What is a behaviour?

A

Any action made by a living organism that is directly observable

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3
Q

What is a mental process?

A

A personal mental experience that can’t be directly observed by someone else

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4
Q

Sports and science

A

Investigates the psychological factors that influence a persons participation in sport or exercise

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5
Q

Clinical

A

The assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological problems and mental disorders

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6
Q

Forensic

A

The application of psychology to the legal and justice system

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7
Q

Clinical neuropsychology

A

Investigates changes in thinking and behaviour that may arise from brain dysfunction

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8
Q

Counselling

A

Uses a variety of therapeutic methods and treatments to assist individuals/families/groups in areas relating to personal wellbeing, health, relationships and work

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9
Q

Education and development

A

Concerned with the development and learning of people throughout their lifespan

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10
Q

Organisational

A

Analyses organisations and their people to devise strategies to motivate, develop, change and inspire

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11
Q

Community

A

Focuses on understanding and supporting communities of people

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12
Q

Social

A

Examines how people’s thoughts, feeling and behaviours are influenced by others

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13
Q

Research

A

Focuses on carrying out research

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14
Q

How to become a psychologist?

A
  • legally required to register with the Psychologist Registration Board of Victoria (PRBV)
  • after training, eligible for membership at Australian Psychologist Society (APS)
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15
Q

What are the responsibilities of a psychologist?

A

Competence
Privacy and Confidentiality
Propriety

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16
Q

What is competence

A

The services provided by a psychologist is restricted to their area of specialisation and that they must constantly revise and keep their knowledge up to date

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17
Q

What is privacy and confidentiality

A

The need to respect the secrecy and privacy of information exchanged within the trusting relationship of the psychologist and client

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18
Q

What is propriety

A

The need to ensure the relationship between the psychologist and client remains professional and that the client should always be treated with dignity

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19
Q

What is a dual relationship

A

A psychologist and client relationship plus another relationship

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20
Q

What is a pseudoscience?

A

Refers to a fake or false science in which conclusions are not based on empirical evidence

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21
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

The systematic approach for planning, conducting and reporting research which involves collecting empirical evidence

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22
Q

What is empirical evidence

A

Evidence that is derived from observations of experiments

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23
Q

What is the Barnum effect?

A

The tendency to believe that personality descriptions or predictions about the future are accurate if it is stated in a vague or general way

24
Q

What is nature?

A

Transmission of characteristics from the biological parents to their offspring via genes at the time of conception

25
Q

What is nurture

A

All experiences, objects and events to which we are exposed to throughout our lives

26
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Data that can be observed but not measured (colours, textures, smell)

27
Q

Quantitive Data

A

Data that can be measured or written down as numbers (height, shoe size)

28
Q

Generalisation

A

The ability to apply the results from a study to a wider population with the belief that the results will be the same

29
Q

Representative sample

A

A small number of people who accurately represent the population

30
Q

Biased sample

A

A sample in which some members of the group are voluntarily excluded to skew results

31
Q

Control group

A

The group that is not conditioned or treated and as such is the benchmark for comparison

32
Q

Experimental group

A

The group in an experiment that is exposed to the variable being tested

33
Q

Independent Variable

A

Variable in an experiment that is selected then systematically manipulated in order to measure its effects on the dependent variable

34
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable in an experiment that is used to measure the effects of the independent variable

35
Q

Extraneous Variable

A

Any other variable that may alter the results that is not needed to measure

36
Q

Random allocation

A

How experimenters divide the sample into conditioned groups in order to reduce bias in the distribution of population

37
Q

Observer effect

A

Subjects altering their behaviour when they are aware that someone is watching

38
Q

Observer bias

A

When the researcher knows the goals and unknowingly effects the experiment to reach the goal

39
Q

Reliability

A

The consistency of a researchers results

40
Q

Vailidity

A

The tests ability to measure what it is supposed to

41
Q

Informed consent

A

When the researched informs the participant of the experiment and receives approval for the experiment to be carried on

42
Q

Voluntary participation

A

The participants choice as to whether they choose to be part of the experiment or not

43
Q

Withdrawal rights

A

The participants rights to leave the experiment whenever they choose to

44
Q

Deception

A

When participants are wrongly informed of the aim of the experiment

45
Q

Debriefing

A

The duty of the researcher to conduct an interview with the participants and fully explain the experiment

46
Q

Visual illusion

A

Visual deception due to factors such as lighting, angle, colour, etc

47
Q

Random sampling

A

Each member has an equal chance of being chosen to take part in the study

48
Q

Convenience sampling

A

Picking whoever is closest to you

49
Q

Stratified sampling

A

Dividing the population into subgroups and then selecting a sample from each subgroup

50
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest, restores normality

51
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight, stimulates body

52
Q

What is the role of the spinal cord

A

Carry messages to and from the brain via Neurons

53
Q

What are the perceptual principles

A

Motivation
Emotion
Past experience
Context

54
Q

What are the perceptual Constancies

A

Size
Brightness
Shape

55
Q

What are the gestalt principles

A

Closure
Similarity
Proximity
Figure ground

56
Q

What are the depth perception cues

A 
Linear perspective
Relative size
Texture gradient
Interposition
Height and visual field
57
Q

Hemispheric specialisation

A

The characteristics or activities that are favoured by one particular hemisphere (cognitive thinking is left hemisphere) (creativeness is right hemisphere)

Exam Revision (10 decks)

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