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Psychology Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychology?

A

The scientific study of behaviours and mental processes

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2
Q

What is a behaviour?

A

Any action made by a living organism that is directly observable

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3
Q

What is a mental process?

A

A personal mental experience that can’t be directly observed by someone else

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4
Q

Sports and science

A

Investigates the psychological factors that influence a persons participation in sport or exercise

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5
Q

Clinical

A

The assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological problems and mental disorders

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6
Q

Forensic

A

The application of psychology to the legal and justice system

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7
Q

Clinical neuropsychology

A

Investigates changes in thinking and behaviour that may arise from brain dysfunction

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8
Q

Counselling

A

Uses a variety of therapeutic methods and treatments to assist individuals/families/groups in areas relating to personal wellbeing, health, relationships and work

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9
Q

Education and development

A

Concerned with the development and learning of people throughout their lifespan

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10
Q

Organisational

A

Analyses organisations and their people to devise strategies to motivate, develop, change and inspire

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11
Q

Community

A

Focuses on understanding and supporting communities of people

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12
Q

Social

A

Examines how people’s thoughts, feeling and behaviours are influenced by others

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13
Q

Research

A

Focuses on carrying out research

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14
Q

How to become a psychologist?

A
  • legally required to register with the Psychologist Registration Board of Victoria (PRBV)
  • after training, eligible for membership at Australian Psychologist Society (APS)
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15
Q

What are the responsibilities of a psychologist?

A

Competence
Privacy and Confidentiality
Propriety

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16
Q

What is competence

A

The services provided by a psychologist is restricted to their area of specialisation and that they must constantly revise and keep their knowledge up to date

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17
Q

What is privacy and confidentiality

A

The need to respect the secrecy and privacy of information exchanged within the trusting relationship of the psychologist and client

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18
Q

What is propriety

A

The need to ensure the relationship between the psychologist and client remains professional and that the client should always be treated with dignity

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19
Q

What is a dual relationship

A

A psychologist and client relationship plus another relationship

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20
Q

What is a pseudoscience?

A

Refers to a fake or false science in which conclusions are not based on empirical evidence

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21
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

The systematic approach for planning, conducting and reporting research which involves collecting empirical evidence

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22
Q

What is empirical evidence

A

Evidence that is derived from observations of experiments

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23
Q

What is the Barnum effect?

A

The tendency to believe that personality descriptions or predictions about the future are accurate if it is stated in a vague or general way

24
Q

What is nature?

A

Transmission of characteristics from the biological parents to their offspring via genes at the time of conception

25
What is nurture
All experiences, objects and events to which we are exposed to throughout our lives
26
Qualitative Data
Data that can be observed but not measured (colours, textures, smell)
27
Quantitive Data
Data that can be measured or written down as numbers (height, shoe size)
28
Generalisation
The ability to apply the results from a study to a wider population with the belief that the results will be the same
29
Representative sample
A small number of people who accurately represent the population
30
Biased sample
A sample in which some members of the group are voluntarily excluded to skew results
31
Control group
The group that is not conditioned or treated and as such is the benchmark for comparison
32
Experimental group
The group in an experiment that is exposed to the variable being tested
33
Independent Variable
Variable in an experiment that is selected then systematically manipulated in order to measure its effects on the dependent variable
34
Dependent variable
Variable in an experiment that is used to measure the effects of the independent variable
35
Extraneous Variable
Any other variable that may alter the results that is not needed to measure
36
Random allocation
How experimenters divide the sample into conditioned groups in order to reduce bias in the distribution of population
37
Observer effect
Subjects altering their behaviour when they are aware that someone is watching
38
Observer bias
When the researcher knows the goals and unknowingly effects the experiment to reach the goal
39
Reliability
The consistency of a researchers results
40
Vailidity
The tests ability to measure what it is supposed to
41
Informed consent
When the researched informs the participant of the experiment and receives approval for the experiment to be carried on
42
Voluntary participation
The participants choice as to whether they choose to be part of the experiment or not
43
Withdrawal rights
The participants rights to leave the experiment whenever they choose to
44
Deception
When participants are wrongly informed of the aim of the experiment
45
Debriefing
The duty of the researcher to conduct an interview with the participants and fully explain the experiment
46
Visual illusion
Visual deception due to factors such as lighting, angle, colour, etc
47
Random sampling
Each member has an equal chance of being chosen to take part in the study
48
Convenience sampling
Picking whoever is closest to you
49
Stratified sampling
Dividing the population into subgroups and then selecting a sample from each subgroup
50
Parasympathetic
Rest and digest, restores normality
51
Sympathetic
Fight or flight, stimulates body
52
What is the role of the spinal cord
Carry messages to and from the brain via Neurons
53
What are the perceptual principles
Motivation Emotion Past experience Context
54
What are the perceptual Constancies
Size Brightness Shape
55
What are the gestalt principles
Closure Similarity Proximity Figure ground
56
What are the depth perception cues
``` Linear perspective Relative size Texture gradient Interposition Height and visual field ```
57
Hemispheric specialisation
The characteristics or activities that are favoured by one particular hemisphere (cognitive thinking is left hemisphere) (creativeness is right hemisphere)

Exam Revision (10 decks)

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