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Psychology 1101 > Psychology Midterm (2) - Chapter 5.3 > Flashcards

Psychology Midterm (2) - Chapter 5.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Binaural Cues

A

Ques to hear where the sound is coming from

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2
Q

Binaural Cue: Interaural time difference

A

Time of arrival: Ear which is closer to sound receives sound wave first and then the other ear receives it second, the brain pays attention to the time difference

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3
Q

Binaural Cue: Interaural level differences

A

Ear closer to the sound perceives it as louder.

As the sound travels through flesh and bones it becomes less loud.

The brain monitors the differences

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4
Q

Cutaneous senses and Mechanoreceptors

A

Humans feel more than touch with our skin, receptors in the skin which allows us to sense different kinds of pleasure

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5
Q

Merkel Receptor

A

Found in the top layer of the skin, Pressure touch: these receptors fire when a person holds your hand

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6
Q

Meissner Receptor

A

Found in the top layer, Pressure touch: Receptors that fire when a person lets go of your hand

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7
Q

Ruffini cylinder

A

Stretching of the skin

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8
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Vibration & Texture

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9
Q

Importance of touch

A

Essential for physical and mental well-being

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10
Q

Nociceptors

A

Sensory receptors which allow us to feel pain found all over the body

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11
Q

Why is Pain essential?

A

It is essential for survival

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12
Q

Pains complexity

A

How much pain we feel does not depend on the number of tissue damages, there are other factors: emotions, motivations, beliefs, culture

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13
Q

Pain: Gate-Control Theory

A

Explains the complexity of pain, according to the theory: we have a neurological gate

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14
Q

Pain: Neurological gate

A

The door to the neurological system determines if we feel pain, and how much

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15
Q

Neurological gate: Small nerve fibers (S-fibers)

A

When activated it opens the door and we feel pain: They carry pain information

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16
Q

Neurological gate: Large nerve fibres (L-fibers)

A

When activated the gate is partially closed or closed and we feel little to no pain: Carry information other than pain

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17
Q

Neurological Gate: T-cells

A

Must be activated for the gate to open.

They are between the gate and the fibres.

Small nerve fibres activate them and we feel the pain.

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18
Q

Factors which open neurological gate:

A

Ex: Pinprick, Activates Small Fibres, Activate T cells, Gate opens, we feel pain

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19
Q

Factors which close neurological gate:

A

Ex: Ice packs, Activates Long Fibers, Prevents T cells, Gate closes, pain is blocked or reduced

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20
Q

Stimulation in the brain

A

When you stimulate an area of the brain, the door will close and will not feel pain

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21
Q

Stimulation: Beliefs

A

Open or closes the gate

Ex: Placebo effect:

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22
Q

Stimulation: Stress

A

Opens and closes the gate

Ex: fight or flight response, the main goal of the body is to survive

23
Q

Other Factors which influence pain:

A

Emotions: When we have positive emotions tend to experience less pain

Self-confidence: Even if we have the same amount of tissue damages, we feel less pain

Culture: can affect how much pain we feel

24
Q

Another word for Smell

A

Olfaction

25
Q

Smell: Chemical sense

A

Stimulation comes from ordure molecules released by humans, animals, and objects.

In order to smell something, the ordure molecule must enter our nasal cavities and must reach our olfactory receptors

26
Q

Smell: Olfactory receptors

A

Sensory receptors for the sense of smell, fixed firmly in the olfactory epithelium

27
Q

Smell: Olfactory epithelium

A

Membrane filled with mucus

28
Q

Smell: Glomeruli cells

A

Cells which receive signals from the Olfactory receptor neurons. There are less than 300 types

Ex: Temporal lobes, Limbic system

29
Q

Smell: Humans ability to detect

A

Researchers believed we can only detect 10000 odours, however, Humans can detect over 1 trillion odours

30
Q

Smell: How can humans detect trillions of odours with only less than 300 types?

A

Different odour molecules activate a different combination of different types of receptors

Fictonal example: random
addition calculations which are less than 300

31
Q

Olfactory: Regeneration

A

Olfactory receptors generate. They are easily vulnerable

32
Q

Smell: Emotions & memories

A

There is a strong connection between smell, emotion and memories

33
Q

Taste or Gustation: Importance

A

Sense of taste was essential for the survival of Ancestors

34
Q

Taste: Chemical sense

A

Stimulation comes from molecules found in foods and beverages we consume

35
Q

In order for us to taste

A

Food must dissolve in our saliva and come in contact with gustatory cells

36
Q

Gustatory cells

A

Found inside taste buds

37
Q

Papillae

A

Found inside taste buds

Bumps of the tongue.

They’re are 4 types of Papillae

38
Q

Filiform Papillae

A

The entire surface of the tongue which gives a fuzzy appearance.

It does not contain taste buds

39
Q

Fungiform Papillae

A

Found at tip and sides of the tongue

40
Q

Foliate Pappilae

A

Found along the back of tongue

41
Q

Circumvallate Papillae

A

At back of tongue and are shaped like little mounds

42
Q

Taste: 4 Basics

A

Salty, sour, sweet, bitter

43
Q

5th Umami

A

5th taste sensation (means yummy), associated with foods that are rich with protein

44
Q

6th Fat?

A

Research suggest that the 6th taste sensation is a fat

45
Q

Taste: Regeneration

A

Takes a week to regenerate, we loss 1/2 taste buds after age of 20

46
Q

Taste: Sensory interaction

Researchers input with taste and olfactory receptors

A

Senses which affect and interact with each each other.

Research says: without sense of smell we cannot tell the difference between the taste of foods. They also suggest that olfactory receptors are found in the tongue

47
Q

Bimodal neurons and where they are located?

A

Neurons which respond to more than one sense, they are located at the Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)

48
Q

Body Position & Movement

A

senses which connect us to the external world

49
Q

Body Position & Movement: Kinesthesis

A

Allows us to know where our bodies are in space and sense the movement of our bodies

Particularly the movement, of arms, legs, feet and figures

Lets us know if our body parts are moving, how fast? What position?

50
Q

Body Postion & Movement: Vestibular sense

A

Proprioceptors, found all over the body, in muscles, tendencies and ligaments

They are also known as our sense of balance

51
Q

Vestibular sense: 2 organs linked and associated with our sense of balance

A

Semicircular canals: sense changes in acceleration and rotation of the head

Vestibular sacs: respond to cues with a sense of balance and posture

These are found in our inner ear

52
Q

Vestibular sense: David lee’s experiment

A

Our vestibular sense is integrated with our sense of vision

53
Q

Cochelea

A

sensory receptors for our vestibular sense is located

Psychology 1101 (6 decks)

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