Psychology in society Flashcards
1
Q
What is psychology in society?
A
- Psychological understanding should half people to avoid or overcome difficulties
- Overt and positive, even if we are unaware
- However it can also have an abusive application of psychological techniques
- Psychology has a duty to research pressing social problems or problematic behaviour
2
Q
What is some AO1 for social?
A
- IN 2017 there were 1147 people were injured due to police violence and 25% of those were African Americans, despite them only making up 13% of the population
- Black people are up to 3x more likely to be killed by the police than white people
- only 1% of the police that committed the violent acts that led to injury were punished
3
Q
Where is psychology contributing to society in Social?
A
- Sherif et al’s study showed how prejudice could be reduced by getting groups to work together towards a superordinate goal (a goal that can only be achieved by working together)
This can be seen in ARONSON AND BRIDGEMAN’S ‘jigsaw classroom - We can also see how the movement and how people band together as a community can help to solve problems with society and the idea of obedience and in-groups can describe that (BLM MOVEMENT)
4
Q
Where is this contribution negative in social?
A
- Obedience and the contribution of social might be negative because Milgram has shown that it is possible to make someone obedient just based off the legitimacy of the building and the clothes that the authority figure wears
- In addition the fact that the strength of an authority figure has a large impact on target means that they might have a large influence for example with Trump and the BLM movement
5
Q
Where is Sherif contributing to society?
A
- Sherif et al’s study showed how prejudice could be reduced by getting groups to work together towards a superordinate goal (a goal that can only be achieved by working together)
- Prejudice can lead to violence such as riots
- In group favouritism can lead to violence, which costs society in terms of policing
- Conflict over resources can be costly for society
- Prejudice can be reduced by requiring people to work towards superordinate goals. Helped society to understand such issues and how to reduce prejudice
6
Q
Where is Sherif’s contribution negative?
A
- They are negative if it shows a particular culture in a bad light
It might be that because there is competition seen in a culture that some people might immediately label that society as prejudice which will have a negative effect on the culture and the people within
7
Q
What is some AO1 for cognitive?
A
- There are currently 850,000 people suffering from dementia in the UK
- This number is going to rise to around 1,000,000 by 2030
- This is expensive for both the family of the patient and care homes
- Need to find a solution so that they can stay in their homes for longer and therefore don’t have to go to a care home
- 20% of court cases rely on EWT as their main form of evidence
75% of false convictions are caused by false EWTs
8
Q
What is cognitive’s contribution to society (positive)?
A
- Contributions to dementia and how we can help those that are suffering to stay home longer
- You can use cognitive stimulation to help the participant remember
- This involves telling them words and cues linked to the memory in hopes that this is an element of the memory that can help them to remember it
- THIS WILL THEN HOPEFULLY HELP THEM TO REMEMBER LATER MEMORIES AS THEY CAN LINK THEM TOGETHER
- The use of cognitive psychology can also be used positively in society to suggest why people should not be convicted solely on EWT
- This is because schemas and post event information can lead to distortion of the original memory and therefore you might give an inaccurate testimony
- GABBERT showed pairs of participants a video of the same crime, but filmed from different angles, so each one of the pair saw a slightly different version. Each pair was encouraged to discuss what they had seen, and then were tested on their recall individually. Gabbert et al. found that 71% of the participants referred to details that they could have not seen in the video and must have picked up as part of the discussion. In a non-discussion group, there were no examples of details being reported that they would not have seen
9
Q
What is cognitive’s contribution to society (negative)?
A
- Yuille and Cutshall (1986) found that eye witnesses to real life crimes were more accurate than laboratory experiments suggest, so cognitive research into memory accuracy may not be useful if it does not reflect real life situations.
10
Q
What is Baddeley’s contribution to society? (positive)
A
- Shows how memory works and can help people with memory problems such as dementia
- STM uses acoustic coding and rehearsal helps with putting memories into LTM
- Helping people with memory problems can help society with regard to its workforce
- Giving people with memory problems time to rehearse is useful
- An application is that it can be used for studying
- This shows that in order to get information into the LTM you have to add a meaning to it
- Therefore when studying you have to understand what you are revising or add something to it so that you remember it
11
Q
What is Baddeley’s contribution to society? (negative)
A
- Yuille and Cutshall (1986) found that eye witnesses to real life crimes were more accurate than laboratory experiments suggest, so cognitive research into memory accuracy may not be useful if it does not reflect real life situations.
This might therefore be a problem with Baddeley because Baddeley lack’s mundane realism
12
Q
What is AO1 for biological?
A
- 1.28 million deaths due to violence and aggression in the world each year
- Drug treatments are also used increasingly over the past few years
13
Q
What are the contributions to society from Biological (positive)
A
- Biological contributed to our understanding of aggression by explaining it in terms of biological concepts. Understanding that aggression has a biological basis can take the blame away from the individual and has implications for society. Raine et al compared the brains of murderes and non-murderers using PET scans and found that the 41 murderers who were pleading not guilty by reason of insanity had lower activity in the prefrontal cortex, parental cortex and corpus callous than the non-murderers. such findings can effect the type of sentencing given.
- Understand that if it is predisposed then intervention is needed from a young age
- We could prevent this from an early age is by treating as a baby. All babies could undergo brain scans (such as MRI or PET scans) to test for any differences in brain structure or activity and if they do, then they could be given treatment from an early age so that they grow up with techniques to control their emotions and therefore could be less likely to be aggressive and cause intentional harm
- Make sure that we understand the causes of aggression and then how to treat them
- The use of recreational drugs and the development of Naloxone
- The aggression with hormones and the development of the drug depo provera
14
Q
What is the negatives of biological research contribution?
A
- The increase of the development of medication and antipsychotics is useful in the sense that it helps to relieve symptoms
- However there are half a million deaths worldwide due to psychiatric medication and therefore we need to be careful that all we are doing is positive and not giving it because there is a too long wait for talking therapies
- They also are not treating the cause so they have to be used long term which is detrimental for health
15
Q
What are Raine’s contributions to society?
A
- Biological contributed to our understanding of aggression by explaining it in terms of biological concepts. Understanding that aggression has a biological basis can take the blame away from the individual and has implications for society. Raine et al compared the brains of murderes and non-murderers using PET scans and found that the 41 murderers who were pleading not guilty by reason of insanity had lower activity in the prefrontal cortex, parental cortex and corpus callous than the non-murderers. such findings can effect the type of sentencing given.
- Understand that if it is predisposed then intervention is needed from a young age
- We could prevent this from an early age is by treating as a baby. All babies could undergo brain scans (such as MRI or PET scans) to test for any differences in brain structure or activity and if they do, then they could be given treatment from an early age so that they grow up with techniques to control their emotions and therefore could be less likely to be aggressive and cause intentional harm
