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Intro to Physical Education > Psychology Chapter One > Flashcards

Psychology Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

Define Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and the mind

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2
Q

When did the field of psychology emerge?

A

Mid 19th century

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3
Q

Who studied psychology before it was a science?

A

Philosophers and physiologists

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4
Q

Define mind as psychologists do

A

The contents and processes of subjective experience: sensations, thoughts, and emotions.

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5
Q

Define behavior:

A

Observable actions such as moving about, talking, gesturing, and so on; behaviors can also refer to the activities of cells and to thoughts and feelings

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6
Q

Clinical psychologists:

A

Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems (Ph.D. or Psy.D.)

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7
Q

Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems (Ph.D. or Psy.D.)

A

Clinical psychologists

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8
Q

Counseling psychologists:

A

Similar to Clinical psychologists, they provide human services that deal with adjustment problems, versus clinical psychologists working with psychological disorders. (Ph.D. or Ed.D.)

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9
Q

Similar to Clinical psychologists, provide human services that deal with adjustment problems, versus clinical psychologists working with psychological disorders. (Ph.D. or Ed.D.)

A

Counseling psychologists

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10
Q

Psychiatrists

A

Medical doctors who specialize in psychiatry, are licensed to prescribe medicine.

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11
Q

Medical doctors who specialize in psychiatry, are licensed to prescribe medicine.

A

Psychiatrist

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12
Q

Applied Psychologists

A

Psychologists who extend the principles of scientific psychology to practical problems in the world

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13
Q

Psychologists who extend the principles of scientific psychology to practical problems in the world

A

Applied Psychologists

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14
Q

Work with students in primary and secondary schools to help them perform well academically and socially

A

School psychologist

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15
Q

employed in industry to help improve morale, train new recruits, or help managers establish effective lines of communication

A

Industrial/organizational psychologists

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16
Q

Those who apply psychological principles to legal issues

A

Forensic psychologists

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17
Q

Those who help design and engineer new products

A

Human factors psychologists

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18
Q

Research psychologists

A

Psychologists who try to discover the basic principles of behavior and mind

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19
Q

Psychologists who try to discover the basic principles of behavior and mind

A

Research psychologists

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20
Q

Empiricism

A

The idea that knowledge comes directly from experience

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21
Q

The idea that knowledge comes directly from experience

A

Empiricism

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22
Q

Nativism

A

The idea that some knowledge is innate, or present at birth

23
Q

The idea that some knowledge is innate, or present at birth

A

Nativism

24
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

A fixed way of viewing the world, which experience cannot change.

A movement proposing that certain organizing principles of perception are innate and cannot be altered by experience

25
Q

A movement proposing that certain organizing principles of perception are innate and cannot be altered by experience

A

Gestalt psychology

26
Q

Darwin’s theory of evolution

A

How natural selection plays a role in psychology

27
Q

Nature vs nurture

A

The belief that certain psychological characteristics are influenced by genetics

28
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Established the first psychology laboratory; was a medical doctor by training, the father of psychology in 1879.
Founded Structuralism

29
Q

Structuralism

A

An early school of psychology, founded by Wundt and Titchener; structuralists tried to understand the mind by breaking it down into basic parts, much as a chemist might try to understand a chemical compound

30
Q

An early school of psychology, founded by Wundt and Titchener; structuralists tried to understand the mind by breaking it down into basic parts, much as a chemist might try to understand a chemical compound

A

Structuralism

31
Q

Systemic introspection

A

Used in structuralism, requiring people to provide rigorous self-reports of their own experiences.

32
Q

Used in structuralism, requiring people to provide rigorous self-reports of their own experiences.

A

Systemic introspection

33
Q

Functionalism

A

An early school of psychology; functionalists believed that the proper way to understand mind and behavior is to first analyze their function and purpose. William James and James Rowland Angell. Darwin’s theory greatly influenced this belief.

34
Q

An early school of psychology; functionalists believed that the proper way to understand mind and behavior is to first analyze their function and purpose. William James and James Rowland Angell. Darwin’s theory greatly influenced this belief.

A

Functionalism

35
Q

Behaviorism

A

A school of psychology proposing that the only proper subject matter of psychology is observable behavior rather than immediate conscious experience. John Watson and B.F. Skinner

36
Q

A school of psychology proposing that the only proper subject matter of psychology is observable behavior rather than immediate conscious experience. John Watson and B.F. Skinner

A

Behaviorism

37
Q

John Watson championed what psychological perspective?

A

Behaviorism

38
Q

William James championed what psychological perspective?

A

Functionalism

39
Q

Wundt and Titchener championed what psychological perspective?

A

Structuralism

40
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

A trained neurologist who developed the therapeutic approach of psychoanalysis

41
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

A term used by Freud to describe his theory of mind and system of therapy; the belief that the mind must be analyzed extensively before effective treatments can begin. Focused on dreams

42
Q

A term used by Freud to describe his theory of mind and system of therapy; the belief that the mind must be analyzed extensively before effective treatments can begin. Focused on dreams

A

Psychoanalysis

43
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

A movement in psychology that focuses on people’s unique capabilities for choice, responsibility, and growth. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Rejected Freud’s pessimism and believed in the goodness of people.

44
Q

A movement in psychology that focuses on people’s unique capabilities for choice, responsibility, and growth. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Rejected Freud’s pessimism and believed in the goodness of people.

A

Humanistic psychology

45
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

President of the APA

46
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

First woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology, who became the second female president of the APA

47
Q

Helen Thompson Wolley

A

Pioneer the study of sex differences, abolishing myths about women.

48
Q

Eclectic approach

A

The idea that it’s useful to select information from several sources rather than to rely entirely on a single perspective or school of thought.

49
Q

The idea that it’s useful to select information from several sources rather than to rely entirely on a single perspective or school of thought.

A

Eclectic approach

50
Q

Cognitive revolution

A

The shift away from strict behaviorism, begun in the 1950s, characterized by renewed interest in fundamental problems of consciousness and internal mental processes

51
Q

The shift away from strict behaviorism, begun in the 1950s, characterized by renewed interest in fundamental problems of consciousness and internal mental processes

A

Cognitive revolution

52
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

A movement proposing that we’re born with mental processes and “software” that was acquired through natural selection in our ancestral past and help us to solve specific adaptive problems.

53
Q

A movement proposing that we’re born with mental processes and “software” that was acquired through natural selection in our ancestral past and help us to solve specific adaptive problems.

A

Evolutionary Psychology

54
Q

Culture

A

The shared values, customs, and beliefs of a group or community.

Intro to Physical Education (12 decks)

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