Psychology: Chapter 8

Question 1

meaning derived from words and sentences

Answer 1

Semantics

Question 2

language variation used by a group of people who share geographic proximity or ethnic background

Answer 2

Dialect

Question 3

early period of language development when children use single-word phrases to convey an entire thought

Answer 3

One Word Stage

Question 4

language developed by members of a deaf community that uses visual rather than auditory communication

Answer 4

Sign Language

Question 5

proficient and fluent at speaking and comprehending two distinct languages

Answer 5

Bilingual

Question 6

awareness of how language is structured and used

Answer 6

Metalinguistic

Question 7

system of signs invented by deaf children of hearing parents who receive no language input

Answer 7

Homesign

Question 8

allowing an infinite number of unique sentences to be created by combining words in novel ways

Answer 8

Generative

Question 9

account of language acquisition that suggests children are born with some basic knowledge of how language works

Answer 9

Nativist

Question 10

hypothetical organ in the brain in which nativists believe knowledge of syntax resides

Answer 10

Language Acquisition Device

Question 11

account of language acquisition that proposes children infer what words and sentences mean from context and social interactions

Answer 11

Social Pragmatics

Question 12

view that all thought is represented verbally and that, as a result, our language defines out thinking

Answer 12

Linguistic Determinism

Question 13

view that characteristics of language shape out thought processes

Answer 13

Linguistic Relativity

Question 14

reading strategy that involves identifying common words based on their appearance without having to sound them out

Answer 14

Whole Word Recognition

Question 15

reading strategy that involves sounding out words by drawing correspondences between printed letters and sounds

Answer 15

Phonetic Decomposition

Question 16

any mental activity or processing of information, including learning, remembering, perceiving, communicating, believing, and deciding

Answer 16

Thinking

Question 17

our knowledge and ideas about a set of objects , actions, and or characteristics that share core properties

Answer 17

Concept

Question 18

the process of selecting among a set of possible alternatives

Answer 18

Decision Making

Question 19

the way a question is formulated which can influence the decisions people make

Answer 19

Framing

Question 20

generating a cognitive strategy to accomplish a goal

Answer 20

Problem Solving

Question 21

step-by-step learned procedure used to solve a problem

Answer 21

Algorithm

Question 22

phenomenon of becoming stuck in a specific problem solving strategy, inhibiting our ability to generate alternatives

Answer 22

Mental Set

Question 23

difficulty conceptualizing that an object typically used for one purpose can be used for another

Answer 23

Functional Fixedness