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A. Psychology > Psychology: Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Psychology: Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

nerve cell specialized for communication

A

Neuron

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2
Q

portion of neuron that receives signals

A

Dendrite

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3
Q

portion of neuron that sends signals

A

Axon

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4
Q

spherical sac containing neurotransmitters

A

Synaptic Vesicle

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5
Q

chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron to neuron

A

Neurotransmitter

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6
Q

space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted chemically

A

Synapse

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7
Q

a gap into which neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal

A

Synaptic Cleft

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8
Q

cell in nervous system that plays a role in the formation of myelin and the blood-brains barrier, responds to injury, removes debris, and enhances learning and memory

A

Glial Cell

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9
Q

glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neurons signals

A

Myelin Sheath

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10
Q

electrical charge difference(-60 millivolts) across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited

A

Resting Potential

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11
Q

membrane potential necessary to trigger an action potential

A

Threshold

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12
Q

electrical impulse that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitters

A

Action Potential

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13
Q

time during which another action potential is impossible; limits maximal firing rate

A

Absolute Refractory Period

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14
Q

location that uniquely recognizes a neurotransmitter

A

Receptor Site

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15
Q

means of recycling neurotransmitters

A

Reuptake

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16
Q

chemical in the brain that plays a specialized role in pain reduction

A

Endorphin

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17
Q

ability of the nervous system to change

A

Plasticity

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18
Q

a cell, often originating in embryos, having the capacity to differentiate into a more specialized cell

A

Stem Cell

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19
Q

creation of new neurons in the adult brain

A

Neurogenisis

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20
Q

part of nervous system containing brain and spinal cord that controls the mind and behavior

A

Central Nervous System(CNS)

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21
Q

nerves in the body that extend outside the central nervous system(CNS)

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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22
Q

pockets in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), which provide the brain with nutrients and cushion against injury

A

Cerebral Ventricles

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23
Q

forward part of the brain that allows advanced intellectual abilities

A

Forebrain (Cerebrum)

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24
Q

two halves of the cerebral cortex, each of which serve distinct yet highly integrated functions

A

Cerebral Hemisphere

25
Q

large band of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

26
Q

outermost part of forebrain, responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions

A

Cerebral Cortex

27
Q

forward part of cerebral cortex responsible for motor function, language, memory and planning

A

Frontal Lobe

28
Q

part of frontal lobe responsible for body movement

A

Motor Cortex

29
Q

part of frontal lobe repsonsible for thinking, planning, and language

A

Prefrontal Cortex

30
Q

language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps to control speech production

A

Broca’s area

31
Q

upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe that is specialized for touch and perception

A

Parietal Lobe

32
Q

lower part of cerebral cortex that plays roles in hearing, understanding language, and memory

A

Temporal Lobe

33
Q

part of the temporal lobe involved in understanding speech

A

Wernicke’s area

34
Q

back part of cerebral cortex specialized for vision

A

Occipital Lobe

35
Q

regions of the cerebral cortex that initially process info. from the senses

A

Primary Sensory Cortex

36
Q

regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more complex functions

A

Association Cortex

37
Q

structures in the forebrains that help to control movement

A

Basal Ganglia

38
Q

emotional center of brain that also plays roles in smell, motivation and memory

A

Limbic System

39
Q

gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex

A

Thalamus

40
Q

part of the brain responsible for maintaining a constant internal state

A

Hypothalamus

41
Q

part of limbic system that plays key roles in fear; excitement and arousal

A

Amygdala

42
Q

part of the brain that plays a role in spatial memory

A

Hippocampus

43
Q

part of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebral cortex that contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla

A

Brain Stem

44
Q

part of the brain stem that contributes to movement, tracking of visual stimuli, and reflexes triggered by sound

A

Midbrain

45
Q

brain area that plays a key role in arousal

A

Reticular Activating System(RAS)

46
Q

region below the midbrain that contains the cerebellum, pons, and medulla

A

Hindbrain

47
Q

brain structure responsible for our sense of balance

A

Cerebellum

48
Q

part of the brain stem that connects the cortex with the cerebellum

A

Pons

49
Q

part of the brain stem involved in basic functions, such as heartbeat and breathing

A

Medulla

50
Q

thick bundle of nerves that conveys signal between the brain and the body

A

Spinal Cord

51
Q

neuron that sends messages to other neurons nearby

A

Interneuron

52
Q

an automatic motor response to a sensory stimulus

A

Reflex

53
Q

tissue located on top of the kidneys that releases adrenaline and cortisol during states of emotional arousal

A

Adrenal Gland

54
Q

cognitive function that relies more on one side of the brain than the other

A

Lateralization

55
Q

slender thread inside a cell’s nucleus that carries genes

A

Chromosome

56
Q

genetic material, composed of deoxyribonuscleic acid(DNA)

A

Gene

57
Q

our genetic makeup

A

Genotype

58
Q

percentage of the variability in a trait across individuals that is due to genes

A

Heritability

59
Q

our observable traits

A

Phenotype

A. Psychology (8 decks)

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