Psychology chapter 5 - sensation and perception

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

Physiological processing
- Activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy in the environment
- Bottom up
-Raw input

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

Meaningful processing
- Active & creative process of organizing the raw stimulus / sensory data + giving it meaning
- Top down (want p is the best, at the top)

Question 3

Rods:

Answer 3

operate at low light intensities
* colorless sensations
* capable of detecting very small
amounts of light
* (periphery of retina)

Question 4

Cones (C - COLOUR)

Answer 4

operate at high light intensities
* sensation of color and fine details
* (in center of retina)

Question 5

Fovea:

Answer 5

contains cones, no rods!

Question 6

Visual acuity

Answer 6

ability to see fine detail

Question 7

optic disk

Answer 7

no receptor cells (rod or cones) creates a blind spot

Question 8

Feature Detectors

Answer 8

cells within the
primary visual cortex that fire selectively
in response to visual stimuli that have
specific characteristics

Question 9

vision

Answer 9

varying intensities and frequencies of light

Question 10

Accommodation:

Answer 10

Lens bulges to focus on near
objects

Lens flattens to focus on distant
object

Question 11

Interposition

Answer 11

• Nearby object cuts off view of
  more distant object
• If something cuts off you view,
  then it is obvious that it is closer to
  you than the object that is being
  cut off

Question 12

hearing

Answer 12

transduction of sound wavesd

Question 13

Sound Localization:

Answer 13

Nervous system uses time and
intensity differences of sounds
arriving at the two ears to locate
sounds

Question 14

Proprioception (touch)

Answer 14

• the sense that provides us with feedback about the position and movement
  of our muscles and joints
• Nerve endings in the muscles, tendons, and joints

Question 15

Vestibular Sense:

Answer 15

• the sense of body orientation, or equilibrium
• Receptors are located in the inner ear
  ALS JE CAR SICK BENT IN DIT AANGETAAST

Question 16

Agnosia

Answer 16

loss of ability to recognize
objects, sounds, shapes, or smells
- Damage to temporal lobe

the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss

Question 17

Prosopagnosia

Answer 17

loss ability to recognize faces
- Damage to fusiform gyrus

Question 18

Mcgurk effect

Answer 18

Multisensory illusion occurring with audiovisual speech

Question 19

Synaesthesia

Answer 19

Multi-modal perception
* Experiencing sounds as colours or tastes as touch sensations of different shapes

• Days of the week have different colours
• Music has a physical texture

Question 20

bottom-up processing system

Answer 20

an outside stimulus itself to shape our perception, without any preconceived ideas.

Question 21

TOP-DOWN PROCESSINF SYSTEM

Answer 21

illustrated by the importance of context in
determining how we perceive objects

Sensory
information is interpreted in light
of existing knowledge, concepts,
ideas and expectations

Question 22

Multisensory processing

Answer 22

interaction of signals arriving nearly simultaneously from different sensory modalities.

More than one sense

Question 23

Sound shape symbolism

Answer 23

Perceptual experience of
something in one modality can
shape experience in another
modality

Question 24

MC gurk effect

Answer 24

multisensory illusion occuring with audiovisual speech

Question 25

Perception without sensation:
Phantom limb

Answer 25

Amputees experience vivid sensations
coming from the missing limb
* Irritation of nerves that used to
originate in the limb fools the brain
* Phantom pain tends to disappear
when prosthetic limbs are fitted
PERCEPTION WITHOUT SENSATION

Question 26

Illusions

Answer 26

compelling but incorrect perceptions