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Psychology Exam 1. Chapters 1-2 > Psychology Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Psychology Chapter 1 Flashcards

Learn the important facts of chapter 1

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1
Q

What does Psyche mean?

A

Soul

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1
Q

What is Psychology

A

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

What does Logos Mean?

A

To study

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3
Q

What are the four main goals of psychology?

A

To Describe, Predict, Explain and Control all parts of the human mind and body when it relates to periods of stress

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4
Q

What does Describe do in relation to psychology?

A

Objectively describe the experience the person or persons is going through

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5
Q

What does PREDICT do in relation to psychology?

A

Predicts the kinds of causes that will inhibit stress: EX: Upcoming exams

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6
Q

What does Explain do in relation to psychology?

A

Explains why someone might be more vulnerable to said stress. Why some are more likely to feel stressed compared to others

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7
Q

What does Control do in relation to Psychology?

A

Change or Influence our subject in accordance to the stress. Seek coping strategies to better deal with stress

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8
Q

What is Nativism and who discovered it?

A

Plato: The idea of certain kinds of knowledge are innately born within us

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9
Q

What is Empiricism and who discovered it?

A

Aristotle: It is the idea that all knowledge is acquired through experience

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10
Q

What were the early psychological perspectives?

A

Structuralism, functionalism and behavioralism

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11
Q

What was structuralism?

A

Founded by Edward Tietchner and it focused on sensory parts of our body to understand psychology

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12
Q

What was Behavioralism

A

The idea that human behavior could even be studied to begin with

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13
Q

Functionalism?

A

The idea that the world around us influenced our psychology

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14
Q

What is the difference between a Psychologist and a Psychiatrist

A

A psychiatrist can and will prescribe medications to you. While a Psychologist provides testing and evaluation of a paitient

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15
Q

What is the Scientific Method?

A

The Scientific Method is a set of assumptions, attitudes and procedures that guide researchers

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16
Q

What is a hypothesis, how does it compare to a theory

A

An estimated guess or a suggestion to an answer. While a theory is an estimated guess based off of reasoning and evidence

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17
Q

What is a descriptive Study

A

A study designed to test out multiple designated descriptions of hypotheses

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18
Q

What is an experimental study

A

A study in which researchers alter variables to get their outcomes

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19
Q

Why is it important to make random selections in your testing?

A

It is really important to do this to show how your research can affect everyone, not just one group

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20
Q

What is a correlational study?

A

It is a research study that focuses on the difference between variables with no manipulations

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21
Q

What is an independent variable

A

An independent variable is a variable that is manipulated with in an experiment

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22
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

A variable that is not changed throughout an experiment

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23
Q

What is a single-blind experiment?

A

It is an experiment where the test subjects are unaware of which testing group they’ve been placed into

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24
Q

What is a double-blind experiment?

A

It is an experiment where in neither the experimenters or the test subjects are aware who is testing who

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25
Q

What is the placebo affect?

A

When people consciously feel better after taking “Fake” pills

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26
Q

What is demand characteristics?

A

social cues given to the researchers that may lead the test subjects to social changes

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27
Q

What are the 5 demands of APA based experiments

A

Must be Non-maleasable, the testers must hold responsibility, the experiments must have a level of integrity, Psychologists must put their biases aside and strive for a sense of just, They must respect peoples rights and integrity

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28
Q

What are the two main types of brain cells?

A

Neurons and Glial cells

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29
Q

What are the two main parts of the neuron

A

The axon and the Soma

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30
Q

What is the axon

A

A thin wire in the neuron that transmits electrical signals to other parts of the neuron

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31
Q

What is the soma

A

The soma keeps the neuron alive and connects the other axons to send electrical signals to each other

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32
Q

What are the three types of Neuron

A

Afferent, Efferent and Interneuron

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33
Q

What does an Afferent (sensory) neuron do?

A

Conveys info to the brain from specialized receptor cells in sensory organs

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34
Q

What does an Efferent (motor) neuron do?

A

Conveys info from the brain to muscles/glands- If you wanna move your muscles, you send information through your spinal cord to move.

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35
Q

What does an Interneuron do?

A

Conveys info between neurons

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36
Q

What are the major types of Glial cells?

A

Microglia, Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes:

37
Q

What does Microglia do?

A

Do the “clean up” work and help get rid of anything that shouldn’t be in the brain. Such as dying neurons

38
Q

What do the astrocytes do?

A

Structural support, provide nutrients. They have star-like protrusions. They have little end feet that can clamp onto parts of the brain. Help create the blood brain barrier.

39
Q

What do Oligodendrocytes do?

A

Form myelin sheath (Looks like a tie fighter) They have multiple arms and each arm can wrap around segments of the axon and helps create myelin.

40
Q

What is the two ways neurons communicate

A

Resting potential and Action Potential

41
Q

What is action potential

A

When the neuron is charged with electricity and electricity is ready to move down the axon

42
Q

What is myelin

A

A wrap that goes around the Axon and protects the energy from leaking out

43
Q

What cells produce myeline

A

Oligodendrocytes

44
Q

What are the Nodes of Ranvier?

A

Myelin gaps in the axon

45
Q

What are common neurotransmitters

A

Serotonin and Dopamine

46
Q

What is Agonist

A

agonist produces a response by binding to a receptor on the cell.

47
Q

What is Antogonist

A

antagonist opposes the action by binding to the receptor, i.e., it blocks these receptors and renders them ineffective.

48
Q

What are the major divisions in the nervous system

A

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

49
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

Your endocrine system is in charge of creating and releasing hormones to maintain countless bodily functions

50
Q

What are hormones

A

Hormones are chemical messengers that coordinate different functions in your body by carrying messages through your blood to your organs, skin, muscles and other tissues

51
Q

What is the pituitary gland

A

It starts puberty and releases and stores all your hormones

52
Q

What does the adrenal gland do?

A

The adrenal glands are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone

53
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

the ability of the brain to form and reorganize synaptic connections, especially in response to learning or experience or following injury:

54
Q

What are the major ways to study brain functions

A

MRI, Computerized Topography scans, dMRI,

55
Q

What does an MRI stand for and what does it do?

A

Magnetized Resonance Imaging, Puts you into a big ass tube uses electromagnetic signals generated by the body in response to magnetic fields.

56
Q

What does a CT scan do?

A

Puts a bunch of wires in your head and has repetive x-rays of your brain

57
Q

What is Neurogenesis (Evangelion)

A

The development of new neurons that are incorporated into existing neural networks

58
Q

Where can neurogenesis occur

A

Olfactory bulb
Hippocampus

59
Q

What are the three main regions of the brain

A

Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain

60
Q

What is the hindbrain

A

Region at the base of brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord

61
Q

What makes up the hindbrain

A

Pons, Medulla, Cerebellum, Reticular Formation

62
Q

What is the midbrain?

A

Contains structures involved in processing visual and auditory information

63
Q

What is the forebrain

A

Cerebrum, Limbic System and Cerebral Cortex

64
Q

What is Pons?

A

Helps coordinate movements on left and right side of the body

65
Q

What is Medulla

A

Controls breathing heartbeat and other vital life functions

66
Q

What is Cerebullum?

A

Coordinates movement, balance and posture

67
Q

What is reticular formation?

A

Helps regulate attention and alertness
Network of nerve fibers located in center of the medulla
Helps regulate attention, arousal and sleep

68
Q

What is the corpus Callosum

A

Connects both hemispheres of the brain

69
Q

What is the cerebral cortex

A

Divided into two hemispheres and responsible for sophisticated mental functions.

70
Q

What the hippocampus

A

Involved in forming new memories

71
Q

What the FUCK is the amygdala

A

Involved in memory and emotion, especially fear and anger

72
Q

What is a hypothalamus

A

Links brain and endocrine system; regulates hunger, thirst, sleep and sexual behaviors

73
Q

What is regular ass Thalamus

A

Processes and integrates sensory information; relays sensory information to cerebral cortex.

74
Q

THE LIMBIC SYSTEM?

A

Group of forebrain structures involved in emotion, motivation learning and memory

75
Q

What are the four LOBES of the brain

A

Occipital, Frontal (FNAF REFERENCE HOLY SHIT), Parietal, Temporal

76
Q

What is Homunculus

A

Sensory parts of our body expanded… Lips and Hands are giant

77
Q

Split Brain

A

Cutting the paths between left and right brain

78
Q

Does the theory of left and right brained people actually real

A

no.

79
Q

What does the right side of your brain specialize in in accordance to vision

A

Focuses on geometric patterns, faces and emotional responses

80
Q

What does the right side of your brain specialize in with accordance to Hearing

A

non language sounds and music

81
Q

What does the right side of your brain specialize in with accordance to memory and spacial awareness

A

Memory focuses on Non verbal memory and Sense of direction

82
Q

What does right brain do with Language

A

Emotional Tone of speech

83
Q

Left brain with accordance to language

A

Speech, Grammar rules, reading, writing, arithmetic.

84
Q

Left brain Spacial awareness

A

nuttin’

85
Q

Left brain hearing

A

Language sounds

86
Q

Left brain memories

A

Verbal Memories

87
Q

Left brain vision

A

Focuses on words and letters

88
Q

What causes a concussion

A

What the brain rattles against the skull

89
Q

What is Phrenology?

A

The vaguely relevant part of Gall’s goofball concept was the different parts of the brain have different functions. The moronic part was the idea that you could determine this through feeling bumps on the outside of the skull. The evil part was that Nazi’s used his long debunked techniques weed-out un-desirable people in their “eugenics” program.

90
Q

What is Phrenology?

A

The vaguely relevant part of Gall’s goofball concept was the different parts of the brain have different functions. The moronic part was the idea that you could determine this through feeling bumps on the outside of the skull. The evil part was that Nazi’s used his long debunked techniques weed-out un-desirable people in their “eugenics” program.

Psychology Exam 1. Chapters 1-2 (3 decks)

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