Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology Exam 1. Chapters 1-2 > Psych chapter 7-8 FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

Psych chapter 7-8 FINAL EXAM Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is Thinking?

A

involves the manipulations of mental representations of info in order to draw inferences and conclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is mental imaging

A

The mental representation of objects in the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s a concept

A

A mental category for objects that are based on similar lines of thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Whats a prototype

A

A more typical instance of a particular object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an exemplar

A

Individual instances of concepts and categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Cognition

A

The general term for mental awareness of taking in and using knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What areas of the brain are used when seeing faces

A

The Fusiform Face Area,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What areas of the brain are used when imagining faces

A

Parahippocampal Place Area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What different strategies are used to solve problems?

A

Trial and error, Algorithm, Heuristics, Insight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the trial and error process

A

The act of trying, failing and then taking what you learned from the failure to try again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is algorithmic problem solving

A

Using a specific rule or method that is guaranteed to produce the right answer: like a math problem Y=mx+b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Heuristics

A

Following a general rule of thumb to reduce all the possible solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Insight

A

A sudden realization of how a problem is solved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are some obstacles to solving problems

A

Functional Fixedness and Mental Set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Functional Fixedness

A

Tendency to view objects as functioning only in their usual or customary way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Mental set

A

Tendency to persist in solving problems with solutions that have worked in the past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some decision making strategies

A

Single-Featured Model, Additive Model, Elimination-by-Aspects model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the single featured model

A

Making a decision by focusing on one particular aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is additive model decision making model

A

Systematically analyzing the positive aspects of all options

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the elimination by aspects model

A

Rating choices based on features, and then eliminating them when they don’t reach certain criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Availability Heuristics?

A

The probability of the outcome of an event based off of previous experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is representativeness heuristics

A

The likelihood of an event taking place is estimated and compared to to how other similar events happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why do unwarranted beliefs exist

A

They are obstacles of actual factual evidence that go against a certain parties personal beliefs, even if they are objectively right and just

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Language

A

A system for combining arbitrary symbols to produce an infinite number of meaningful statements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Does ASL count as a language

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How does language impact perception?

A

In a process called the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis: differences among languages result in different reactions amongst common speak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

According to Noah Chomsky: How do Children Learn?

A

Every child is born predestined to seek out language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Around what age do babies start to form words?

A

12 Months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When does the ability to learn new languages decline for babies

A

6-7 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the benefits of bilingualism?

A

A better ability to control attention and

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Who was Alfred Binet

A

A scientist who created the first IQ test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is Intelligence

A

Global capacity to think rational, act purposefully and deal effectively with the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why was Binet initally trying to create the IQ test

A

He wanted to find a way to measure intelligence to give extra help kids who need it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Who was Lewis terman

A

Translated these early IQ tests into English and introduced it to the states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does IQ stand for?

A

Intelligence Quotient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

how were intelligence tests used for immigration

A

People were turned back at Ellis Island if they weren’t smart enough

37
Q

Who was David Weschler

A

Developed the WAIS intelligence tests which worked for both written and vocal intelligence tests

38
Q

What makes for a good IQ test

A

Standardization, Reliability and Validity

39
Q

How do you measure IQ

A

You take chronological age/ mental age and MULTIPLY IT… 100!

40
Q

What were Charles Spearman’s views

A

Invented G-Factor and argues there should only be a single intelligence score

41
Q

What is G-Factor

A

A general intelligence factor that is responsible for a persons overall performance on tests of mental ability

42
Q

Who was Howard Gardener and what were his views

A

argued there are several different types of intelligence. At least 8.

43
Q

What was Robert Sternberg’s views

A

Created the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence:

44
Q

What is the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.

A

Three factors of intelligence made up of: Analytic, Creative, Practical

45
Q

Why is there still so much disagreements on modern intelligence tests

A

IQ is measured differently throughout the world

46
Q

What is Motivation?

A

Biological, emotional, cognitive or social forces that activate and direct behavior

47
Q

What are the different motivation theory?

A

Instinct theory, Drive Theories, Goal Objects, Arousal Theory

48
Q

What is Instinct Theory

A

Certain motivations have been long planted in us by our natural evolution as animals

49
Q

What is drive theory

A

Replaced instinct theory, emphasized that we are motivated to help us make ourselves well. Our body has a middle ground, and we are motivated to keep ourselves in that middle ground

50
Q

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Broke down human needs. Starting at basic human needs (shelter/food) and later self-fulfillment needs

51
Q

What are Goal Objects Theory

A

Certain behaviors are only drawn because of a reward waiting for someone at the end of it.

52
Q

What is Arousal Theory

A

When arousal is low, we seek exciting things. When arousal is too high, we seek more boring things

53
Q

What is Self Determination Theory

A

optimal human functioning can occur only if innate, psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are satisfied

54
Q

What is Achievement Goal Theory?

A

desire to direct your behavior toward excelling, succeeding or outperforming others at a task

55
Q

What is Hunger?

A

Hunger is a biological motive for us to eat based off of biological and social presences

56
Q

What is Ghrelin

A

A hormone manufactured in the stomach lining that helps with food intake and metabolism

57
Q

What is Leptin

A

A hormone that helps regulate body weight

58
Q

What are the
physiological signals that happen right before and after eating

A

A drop in blood glucose and an increase in insulin and a rise in Ghrelin

59
Q

How are classical conditioning used in eating signals

A

The time of day you eat (conditioned stimulus) elicits internal changes (Conditioned Response)such as levels of insulin, glucose and ghrelin change.

60
Q

How are operant conditioning used in eating signals

A

When we have a preference for certain tastes (like pizza) our internal changes will adjust accordingly to how much we enjoy certain foods

61
Q

What is Satiety

A

Satiation: the feeling of being full after eating too much

62
Q

What is Sensory-Specific Satiety

A

When you’re tired of eating just one food. Tired of eating pizza, go get some ice cream

63
Q

What are the long-term signals that influence weight

A

Leptin, Insulin and Neuropeptide Y

64
Q

What factors come to extreme weight gain

A

Genetics, habitual intake of extreme calories, lack of exercise

65
Q

How are dopamine receptors different in obese individuals vs. healthy weight individuals?

A

Obese people were found to have less dopamine receptors, they feel an increase of dopamine whenever they eat.

66
Q

What are Emotions

A

complex psychological state that involves 3 distinct, but related, components

67
Q

What are the components that make up emotions

A

Cognitive Experience, Physiological Response, Behavioral Response

68
Q

What is Cognitive Experience

A

The way a person thinks and processes the world around them

69
Q

What is Physiological response

A

a bodily reaction to a stimulus or event, usually caused by automatic processes in the nervous system

70
Q

How do emotions compare to moods

A

Emotions are brief and fleeting, clear and distinct. However moods are longer and often have conflicting and confusing emotions behind them

71
Q

Why do we have emotions

A

because they serve as a vital survival mechanism, allowing us to quickly react to situations

72
Q

What did Darwin notice about emotions in animals

A

emotions reflect evolutionary adaptations to problems of survival and reproduction and inform others about our individual states

73
Q

How can gender affect emotions

A

For gender both parties feel the same emotions, its just the different way they express it

74
Q

How can culture affect emotions

A

The values of the culture you live in can change the way people interact with common emotions

75
Q

What are the basic emotions

A

Joy, Sadness, fear, disgust, anger

76
Q

What is the relationship between emotions and the sympathetic nervous system?

A

The emotions you feel impact the sympathetic nervous system by activating your fight and flight instincts

77
Q

What is the amygdala

A

activates when seeing threatening or fearful faces or when hearing sounds related to fear

78
Q

What is the slow pathway to the amygdala

A

Thalamus–> Cortex–> Amygdala

79
Q

What is the quick pathway to the amygdala

A

Thalamus –> amygdala

80
Q

Why are the pathways to the amygdala important

A

The amygdala can intake information that we don’t see. Yet if we still detect danger, we can still understand that danger is present

81
Q

What happens if the amygdala is injured

A

You turn into the man without fear… The Daredevil

82
Q

What other areas of the brain are important for feeling emotions

A

Hypothalamus, hippocampus, prefrontal corte4x

83
Q

What is the James Lange Theory of Emotion

A

emotions arise from the perception of body change

84
Q

What is facial feedback hypothesis

A

Expressing a specific emotion, especially facially, causes to us subjectively experience that emotion

85
Q

What is the major evidence supporting the james lange theory

A

PET Scans looking similar and people who are sensitive to their own body signals felt periods of anxiety

86
Q

What is the Cannon Bard Theory of Emotion

A

Emotion is the interaction of physiological arousal and the cognitive label that is applied to explain it. Arousal alone will not produce emotional response

87
Q

What is the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion

A

Emotions result from cognitive appraisal of a situations effect on personal well-being Emphasizes cognitive appraisal as essential trigger for emotional response

88
Q
A

Psychology Exam 1. Chapters 1-2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions