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Exams (fall 2016) > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The belief that one’s own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others, and the related tendency to use one’s own culture as a standard by which to judge other cultures.

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2
Q

Individualistic culture

A

Cultures that emphasize the needs and goals of the individual over the needs and goals of the group.

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3
Q

Culture

A

The attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people and communicated from one generation to another.

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4
Q

physical bases of human and animal behavior

A

biological

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5
Q

The study of observable behavior

A

Behavioral

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6
Q

The study of positive emotions, psychological states, and positive individual traits

A

Positive

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7
Q

Darwin’s theory of natural selection

A

Evolutionary

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8
Q

The unconscious, sex, aggression, conflicts, early childhood trauma, repression

A

Psychoanalytic

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9
Q

human potential, self-actualization, and free will

A

Humanistic

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10
Q

how mental processes work

A

Cognitive

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11
Q

How cultural factors influence behavior

A

Cross-Cultural

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12
Q

They call me the father of Psychology

A

Wundt

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13
Q

Behaviorism

A

Watson

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14
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud

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15
Q

I established structuralism

A

Titchener

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16
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Skinner

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17
Q

He promoted Psychology in the United States.

A

James

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18
Q

Made dogs salivate

A

Pavlov

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19
Q

I was one of the founders of the third force in psychology in America, and I offered a theory of motivation. Need to Know Hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow

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20
Q

You’ve been asleep for about 10 minutes and are experience brief bursts of brain activity, called sleep spindles. This means that you are in ——- sleep.

A

Stage 2 NREM

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21
Q

During —— sleep, there is a mixture of alpha and theta brain waves.

A

Stage 1 NREM

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22
Q

During ——- sleep, fast, active brain waves are accompanied by rapid eye movement. Your heart rate, blood pressure, and respirations can fluctuate up and down.

A

REM

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23
Q

NREM last approximately how many minutes

A

50-70

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24
Q

The internal pacemaker that governs the timing of the circadian rhythms

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

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25
Q

This hormone is produced in the pineal gland and assists in regulating the sleep wake cycle

A

Melatonin

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26
Q

——- is a group of techniques that induce an altered state of focused attention and heightened awareness.

A

Meditation

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27
Q

What are similarities between stimulants and depressants? Name two drug examples for each.

A

Depressants- Xanax and Valium
Stimulants- Ritalin and Adderall
Depressants are drugs that depress, or inhibit, brain activity.
Stimulants are drugs that stimulate, or excite, brain activity.

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28
Q

When Sarah’s 3-month old baby cried, she would begin breast-feeding him. One evening, Sarah went to a movie with her husband, leaving the baby with a sitter. When an infant cried in the theater, Sarah experienced the “let-down” reflex and a few drops of milk stained her new blouse.

A

A. Crying D. Crying
B. Breastfeeding E. Stops Crying
C.Stops crying

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29
Q

Every time Bob takes his kids out in the car, he drives through McDonald’s to get dinner. Now every time he rattles his key, his kids are hungry.

A 
A. rattles his keys
B. Mcdonald's
C.Hungry
D.Keys 
E. Hungry
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30
Q

Your new cat climbs on the furniture. You spray him with with a water bottle.

A

A. Spray with a water bottle

B: positive reinforcement

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31
Q

Penny doesn’t sit in Sheldon’s seat. Sheldon gives her a chocolate

A

A. Obeying Sheldon

B: Positive

32
Q

This person is most famous for making dogs salivate using classical conditioning.

A

Ivan Pavlov

33
Q

This American psychologist developed the operant conditioning model of learning.

A

B. F. Skinner

34
Q

This American psychologist experimentally investigated observational learning, emphasizing the role of cognitive factors

A

Edward L. Thorndike

35
Q

This American psychologist founded behaviorism in the early 1900s.

A

John B. Watson

36
Q

This American Psychologist was the first to study animal behavior and document how active behaviors are influenced by their consequences; postulated the law of effect

A

Albert Bandura

37
Q

This person through classical conditional and stimulus generalization was made to fear most furry animals, not just the rat used in the classical conditioning trials.

A

Little Albert

38
Q

What is the range for normal IQ?

A

85-115

39
Q

How much of the population is within the normal range?

A

68

40
Q

How much of the population has an IQ greater than 130?

A

2.1

41
Q

What percentage of the population has an IQ of less than 70?

A

2%

42
Q

What is the average IQ?

A

100

43
Q

What percentage of the population has an IQ range between 70 and 130?

A

95

44
Q

A test designed to measure a person’s level of knowledge, skill, or accomplishment in a particular area

A

Achievement Test

45
Q

A test designed to assess a person’s capacity to benefit from education or training

A

Aptitude Test

46
Q

The administration of a test to a large representative sample of people under uniform conditions for the purpose of establishing norms.

A

Standardization

47
Q

The ability of a test to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions.

A

Reliability

48
Q

The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure.

A

validity

49
Q

The biological, emotional, cognitive or social forces that activate and direct behavior.

A

Motivation

50
Q

Maslow’s division of motivation into levels that progress from basic physical needs to self-fulfillment needs.

A

Hierarchy of needs

51
Q

External factors or influences on behaviors such as rewards, consequences, or social expectation

A

Extrinsic Motivation

52
Q

The Idea that the body monitors and maintains internal states, such as body temperature and energy supplies, at relatively constant level; in general, the tendency to reach or maintain equilibrium.

A

Homeostasis

53
Q

The desire to engage in tasks that are inherently satisfying and enjoyable, novel, or optimally challenging; the desire to do something for its own sake

A

Intrinsic Motivation

54
Q

The view that behavior is motivated by the pull of external goals, such as rewards.

A

Incentive Theory

55
Q

Fear, Surprise, Anger, Disgust, Happiness, Sadness

A

Basic Emotions

56
Q

The view that people are motivated to maintain a level of arousal that is optimal - neither too high nor too low.

A

Arousal Theory

57
Q

A person’s full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, and potentialities.

A

Self-Actualization

58
Q

The view that emphasizes the importance of psychological and cognitive factors in motivations, especially the notion that people are motivated to realize their personal potential.

A

Humanistic Theory

59
Q

This theory says hunger is motivated by a complex interaction of biological, social, and psychological factors.

A

Biological Theory

60
Q

The capacity to understand and manage your own emotional experience and to perceive, comprehend, and respond appropriately to the emotional response of others.

A

Emotional Intelligence

61
Q

The degree to which a person is convinced of his or her ability to effectively meet the demands of a particular situation

A

Self-Efficacy

62
Q

The inability to take another person’s perspective or point of view.

A

Egocentric

63
Q

The emotional bond that forms between an infant and caregiver(s), especially his/her parents

A

Attachment

64
Q

The second period of fetal development, extending from the 3rd week through the 8th week.

A

Germinal Period

65
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the 3rd stage of cognitive development, which lasts from age 7 to adolescence; characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete objects and situations.

A

Concrete Operational Stage

66
Q

The third and longest period of fetal development, extending from the 9th week until birth.

A

Fetal Period

67
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the 4th stage of cognitive development, which lasts from adolescence through adulthood; characterized by the ability to think logically about abstract principles and hypothetical situations.

A

Formal Operations Stage

68
Q

The Understanding that two equal quantities remain equal even though the form or appearance is rearranged, as long as nothing is added or subtracted.

A

Conservationw

69
Q

The first two weeks of prenatal development

A

Embryonic Period

70
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the first stage of cognitive development, from birth to about age 2; the period during which the infant explores the environment and acquires knowledge through sensing and manipulating objects

A

Sensorimotor Stage

71
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the second stage of cognitive development, which lasts from age 2 to age 7; characterized by increasing use of symbols and prelogical thought processes.

A

Preoperational Stage

72
Q

This theorist suggests that there are various stages of internal conflict that occurs at each stage of development.

A

Erik Erickson

73
Q

This theorist suggests that there are 5 levels of cognitive development that must be completed for success in later stages of development.

A

Jean Piaget

74
Q

List 2 gender role/ stereotypes for males and females. Why are they unfair?

A

Females- nurses and Flight Attendant

Males- Construction workers and lawyers

75
Q

Freud’s theory, the completely unconscious, irrational component of personality that seeks immediate satisfaction of instinctual urges and drives; ruled by the pleasure principle.

Irrational, illogical, impulsive dimension of personality

A

Id

76
Q

In Freud’s theory, the partly conscious rational component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior and is most in touch with the demands of the external world.

Rational, planful, mediating dimension of personality.

A

Ego

77
Q

The partly conscious, self-evaluate, moralistic component of personality that is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules.

Moralistic, judgmental, perfectionist dimension of personality

A

Superego

Exams (fall 2016) (6 decks)

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