Psychology Flashcards
1
Q
Ethnocentrism
A
The belief that one’s own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others, and the related tendency to use one’s own culture as a standard by which to judge other cultures.
2
Q
Individualistic culture
A
Cultures that emphasize the needs and goals of the individual over the needs and goals of the group.
3
Q
Culture
A
The attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people and communicated from one generation to another.
4
Q
physical bases of human and animal behavior
A
biological
5
Q
The study of observable behavior
A
Behavioral
6
Q
The study of positive emotions, psychological states, and positive individual traits
A
Positive
7
Q
Darwin’s theory of natural selection
A
Evolutionary
8
Q
The unconscious, sex, aggression, conflicts, early childhood trauma, repression
A
Psychoanalytic
9
Q
human potential, self-actualization, and free will
A
Humanistic
10
Q
how mental processes work
A
Cognitive
11
Q
How cultural factors influence behavior
A
Cross-Cultural
12
Q
They call me the father of Psychology
A
Wundt
13
Q
Behaviorism
A
Watson
14
Q
Psychoanalysis
A
Freud
15
Q
I established structuralism
A
Titchener
16
Q
Operant Conditioning
A
Skinner
17
Q
He promoted Psychology in the United States.
A
James
18
Q
Made dogs salivate
A
Pavlov
19
Q
I was one of the founders of the third force in psychology in America, and I offered a theory of motivation. Need to Know Hierarchy of needs
A
Maslow
20
Q
You’ve been asleep for about 10 minutes and are experience brief bursts of brain activity, called sleep spindles. This means that you are in ——- sleep.
A
Stage 2 NREM
21
Q
During —— sleep, there is a mixture of alpha and theta brain waves.
A
Stage 1 NREM
22
Q
During ——- sleep, fast, active brain waves are accompanied by rapid eye movement. Your heart rate, blood pressure, and respirations can fluctuate up and down.
A
REM
23
Q
NREM last approximately how many minutes
A
50-70
24
Q
The internal pacemaker that governs the timing of the circadian rhythms
A
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
25
This hormone is produced in the pineal gland and assists in regulating the sleep wake cycle
Melatonin
26
------- is a group of techniques that induce an altered state of focused attention and heightened awareness.
Meditation
27
What are similarities between stimulants and depressants? Name two drug examples for each.
Depressants- Xanax and Valium
Stimulants- Ritalin and Adderall
Depressants are drugs that depress, or inhibit, brain activity.
Stimulants are drugs that stimulate, or excite, brain activity.
28
When Sarah's 3-month old baby cried, she would begin breast-feeding him. One evening, Sarah went to a movie with her husband, leaving the baby with a sitter. When an infant cried in the theater, Sarah experienced the "let-down" reflex and a few drops of milk stained her new blouse.
A. Crying D. Crying
B. Breastfeeding E. Stops Crying
C.Stops crying
29
Every time Bob takes his kids out in the car, he drives through McDonald's to get dinner. Now every time he rattles his key, his kids are hungry.
```
A. rattles his keys
B. Mcdonald's
C.Hungry
D.Keys
E. Hungry
```
30
Your new cat climbs on the furniture. You spray him with with a water bottle.
A. Spray with a water bottle
| B: positive reinforcement
31
Penny doesn't sit in Sheldon's seat. Sheldon gives her a chocolate
A. Obeying Sheldon
| B: Positive
32
This person is most famous for making dogs salivate using classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov
33
This American psychologist developed the operant conditioning model of learning.
B. F. Skinner
34
This American psychologist experimentally investigated observational learning, emphasizing the role of cognitive factors
Edward L. Thorndike
35
This American psychologist founded behaviorism in the early 1900s.
John B. Watson
36
This American Psychologist was the first to study animal behavior and document how active behaviors are influenced by their consequences; postulated the law of effect
Albert Bandura
37
This person through classical conditional and stimulus generalization was made to fear most furry animals, not just the rat used in the classical conditioning trials.
Little Albert
38
What is the range for normal IQ?
85-115
39
How much of the population is within the normal range?
68
40
How much of the population has an IQ greater than 130?
2.1
41
What percentage of the population has an IQ of less than 70?
2%
42
What is the average IQ?
100
43
What percentage of the population has an IQ range between 70 and 130?
95
44
A test designed to measure a person's level of knowledge, skill, or accomplishment in a particular area
Achievement Test
45
A test designed to assess a person's capacity to benefit from education or training
Aptitude Test
46
The administration of a test to a large representative sample of people under uniform conditions for the purpose of establishing norms.
Standardization
47
The ability of a test to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions.
Reliability
48
The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure.
validity
49
The biological, emotional, cognitive or social forces that activate and direct behavior.
Motivation
50
Maslow's division of motivation into levels that progress from basic physical needs to self-fulfillment needs.
Hierarchy of needs
51
External factors or influences on behaviors such as rewards, consequences, or social expectation
Extrinsic Motivation
52
The Idea that the body monitors and maintains internal states, such as body temperature and energy supplies, at relatively constant level; in general, the tendency to reach or maintain equilibrium.
Homeostasis
53
The desire to engage in tasks that are inherently satisfying and enjoyable, novel, or optimally challenging; the desire to do something for its own sake
Intrinsic Motivation
54
The view that behavior is motivated by the pull of external goals, such as rewards.
Incentive Theory
55
Fear, Surprise, Anger, Disgust, Happiness, Sadness
Basic Emotions
56
The view that people are motivated to maintain a level of arousal that is optimal - neither too high nor too low.
Arousal Theory
57
A person's full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, and potentialities.
Self-Actualization
58
The view that emphasizes the importance of psychological and cognitive factors in motivations, especially the notion that people are motivated to realize their personal potential.
Humanistic Theory
59
This theory says hunger is motivated by a complex interaction of biological, social, and psychological factors.
Biological Theory
60
The capacity to understand and manage your own emotional experience and to perceive, comprehend, and respond appropriately to the emotional response of others.
Emotional Intelligence
61
The degree to which a person is convinced of his or her ability to effectively meet the demands of a particular situation
Self-Efficacy
62
The inability to take another person's perspective or point of view.
Egocentric
63
The emotional bond that forms between an infant and caregiver(s), especially his/her parents
Attachment
64
The second period of fetal development, extending from the 3rd week through the 8th week.
Germinal Period
65
In Piaget's theory, the 3rd stage of cognitive development, which lasts from age 7 to adolescence; characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete objects and situations.
Concrete Operational Stage
66
The third and longest period of fetal development, extending from the 9th week until birth.
Fetal Period
67
In Piaget's theory, the 4th stage of cognitive development, which lasts from adolescence through adulthood; characterized by the ability to think logically about abstract principles and hypothetical situations.
Formal Operations Stage
68
The Understanding that two equal quantities remain equal even though the form or appearance is rearranged, as long as nothing is added or subtracted.
Conservationw
69
The first two weeks of prenatal development
Embryonic Period
70
In Piaget's theory, the first stage of cognitive development, from birth to about age 2; the period during which the infant explores the environment and acquires knowledge through sensing and manipulating objects
Sensorimotor Stage
71
In Piaget's theory, the second stage of cognitive development, which lasts from age 2 to age 7; characterized by increasing use of symbols and prelogical thought processes.
Preoperational Stage
72
This theorist suggests that there are various stages of internal conflict that occurs at each stage of development.
Erik Erickson
73
This theorist suggests that there are 5 levels of cognitive development that must be completed for success in later stages of development.
Jean Piaget
74
List 2 gender role/ stereotypes for males and females. Why are they unfair?
Females- nurses and Flight Attendant
| Males- Construction workers and lawyers
75
Freud's theory, the completely unconscious, irrational component of personality that seeks immediate satisfaction of instinctual urges and drives; ruled by the pleasure principle.
Irrational, illogical, impulsive dimension of personality
Id
76
In Freud's theory, the partly conscious rational component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior and is most in touch with the demands of the external world.
Rational, planful, mediating dimension of personality.
Ego
77
The partly conscious, self-evaluate, moralistic component of personality that is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules.
Moralistic, judgmental, perfectionist dimension of personality
Superego
