Psychology #4 Flashcards
Name the Cluster A Personality Disorders (3 of them)
-Schizoid
-Schizotypal
-Paranoid
Name the Cluster B Personality Disorders (4 of them)
-Antisocial
-Borderline
-Histrionic
-Narcissistic
Name the Cluster C Personality Disorders (3 of them)
-Avoidant
-Dependent
-Obsessive Compulsive
Explain Schizoid Personality
-Voluntary social withdrawal and anhedonic introversion
-Avoids people: introvert, anhedonic, odd, detached, flat affect
Explain Schizotypal Personality
-Odd, eccentric, bizarre behavior or thoughts
-Schizophrenia without psychosis
-Talk to self, magical thinking, discomfort with close relationships
-Suspiciousness
Explain Paranoid Personality Disorder
-Distrust and suspiciousness
-Preoccupation with doubting loyalty of others
-Sees hidden messages, doesn’t forgive
-Suspiciousness of faithfulness of partner
Explain Antisocial Personality Disorder
-Behaviors deviate from norms of society
-May commit criminal acts
-Must be 18 years old (conduct disorder past)
-Irritability, no remorse
-Disregard for safety
What are some symptoms of borderline personality disorder?
-Unstable, unpredictable mood swings and affect
-Blown up reaction, broken relationships, bad behavior (suicide, substances, spending, binge eating)
Symptoms of Histrionic Personality Disorder
-Attention seeking
-Tantrums, self-absorbed
-Sexual, seductive
-Influenced by others
-believes relationships are more intimate than they are
What is narcissistic personality disorder
-Grandiose sense of self-importance
-Superiority
-Need for admiration, no empathy
-Arrogance
-Fragile self-esteem
-Exploit others for self gain
What is dependent personality disorder?
-Inability to assume responsibility
-Submissive behavior
-Fear of being alone
-No day to day decisions
-No disagreement
-Seeks approval of others
What is avoidant personality disorder?
-Social inhibition due to fear of rejection
-Timid, shy, lacks confidence
-Inferiority complex
-Averse to do new activities
-Preoccupation with being rejected
Obsessive Compulsive personality disorder symptoms
-Preoccupation with order, details, and perfectionism without obsessions or compulsions
-Ego Syntonic
-Devotion to work, morals, ethics
-Can’t discard useless objects
-Rules, lists, details
What is illness anxiety disorder/hypochondriasis?
Preoccupation with having a serious illness
What other things do people with illness anxiety disorder do?
What is the treatment?
-Care seeking, doctor shopping
-At least 6 months in time
-Regularly scheduled appointments
-CBT
What is malingering?
Intentional falsification for external (secondary) gain such as money, food, shelter, or avoidance of prison, school, etc.
On the other hand, what is factitious disorder?
Intentional falsification for primary gain (inner self to be seen as ill) but no external rewards
What are the two types of factitious disorder?
-Imposed on self: presents themselves
-Imposed on Another: considered child or elder abuse
Symptoms of factitious disorder
-Exaggeration of symptoms (hurt themselves)
-Willing to undergo extensive testing
-Hospital jump, have medical knowledge
What is conversion disorder?
-At least 1 symptom of neuro dysfunction that can’t be explained by a condition.
It CAN be related to an actual trauma, though.
What are some examples of the symptoms in conversion disorder?
-Motor dysfunction: paralysis, mutism, seizures, gait problems, ticks, globus.
-Sensory dysfunction: blindness, deafness, paresthesias, etc.
What is true about conversion disorder?
What is the treatment?
It is not intentional produced!
Patient education + CBT
On the same hand, what is somatic symptom disorder?
Physical symptoms involving at least 1 systems but no physical cause on workup
What are risk factors for somatic symptom disorder?
What are some examples of symptoms for this condition?
-Young women, onset before age 30, history of sexual abuse
-SOB, vomiting, amnesia, dysmenorrhea, pain, burning sex organ
Treatment for somatic symptom disorder
-Regularly scheduled appts
-Psychotherapy
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
Preoccupation with at least 1 perceived flaw in appearance that is not observable by others
What are some things those with dysmorphic disorder do?
-May commit repetitive acts (mirror checking, comparison to others, approval seeking)
Treatment for body dysmorphic disorder
-SSRI’s +/- CBT
-TCA’s alternative
What criteria have to be present to diagnose ADHD
-Symptom onset before age 12
- Last > 6 months in 2 settings
-At least 6 inattentive symptoms and/or at least 6 hyperactivity symptoms
Treatment for ADHD
-Behavior modification
-Stimulants (first line): Methylphenidate, Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine
-Non Stimulants: Atomoxetine
What do stimulants do (MOA)
Increase release of norepinephrine and dopamine
Adverse effects of stimulants?
-Abdominal pain
What is narcolepsy?
Symptoms of it
-Decreased ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles
-Symptoms: chronic daytime sleepiness, cataplexy (emotionally triggered weakness of face, neck knees), hallucinations, sleep paralysis, sleepwalking, RLS, OSA, etc.
What two diagnostics can be done for narcolepsy?
-Polysomnography: spontaneous awakenings, REM sleep within 15 minutes of sleep, increased light non-REM sleep
-MSLT: fall asleep < 8 minutes (normal 10-15), sleep onset rapid eye movements
Treatment for narcolepsy
-Modafinil (inhibit dopamine reuptake)
-Solriamfetol
-Cataplexy: Fluoxetine, Atomoxetine
Autism Spectrum Disorder is impairment in social interaction or communication with restrictive behaviors. Symptoms are usually recognized at what age?
Rapid deterioration of social or language skills during first 2 years of life
-Recognized between 12-24 months
True or False: No specific medication is to treat Autism?
True, treat the symptoms
Conduct disorder is when patients deviate from age-related norms and violates behaviors of others. This is more common in ______, and those with what other two conditions?
This is diagnosed before what age? It may progress to?
More common in males, those with ADHD and ODD
Before 18 years old
Antisocial personality
Symptoms of conduct disorder
-aggression to humans and animals
-destruction of property
-deceitfulness or theft
-serious violations of rules
-< 18 years old
Treatment for conduct disorder
-Behavior modification
What is oppositional defiant disorder
Defiant toward authority but no aggression or breaking laws
-Angry or irritable mood, argumentative, defiant behavior, vindictiveness
What is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?
-Disruptive and angry child, but do not do it on purpose and may feel remorseful for actions
What is dissociative identity disorder?
Who is it MC in?
Presence of 2 or more identities or personalities
-MC in women, PTSD, sexual abuse
What is dissociative amnesia?
Inability to recall autobiographical information
Treatment for dissociative identity and amnesia disorders?
Psychotherapy
With premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which is severe PMS with functional impairment, the symptoms occur ___________ and are relieved within ___________, plus ___________
Occur 1-2 weeks before menses (luteal phase), relieved within 2-3 days of onset of menses, plus 7 or more symptom free days in follicular phase.
What should you request of patients with PMDD?
Keep a diary for > 2 cycles
Treatment for PMDD
-Lifestyle: decrease stress and caffeine
-SSRI’s (first line)
What are parasomnias?
There are two types, REM and NREM. Explain both.
-Disruptive sleep disorders that occur while falling asleep, sleeping, or waking
REM: dream enactment, pt recalls dreams, occur later in life, and associated with degenerative brain disease.
NREM: run in families, occur in kids, are amniotic to events in morning, and outgrown by adulthood.
What diagnostic is done for parasomnias?
Clinical or PSG
Treatment for parasomnias
-Sleep hygiene
-Avoid substance abuse
-Injury protection
-Benzos for sleep
-Sleep medicine consult
What are two examples of NREM parasomnias?
Sonambulism (sleep walking)
Sleep Terrors (abrupt screaming, crying, etc.)
What are two examples of REM parasomnias?
-REM sleep behavior disorder: vocalization and aggressive movements that reflect acting out dreams
-Nightmares: abrupt arousal in state of fear, terror, anxiety
How do you differentiate NREM vs REM parasomnias?
REM has recall
NREM there is no recall of events
