Dermatology Precision Flashcards
Tinea Cruris
-Jock Itch
-Diffusely red rash on groin or scrotum
-Fungal skin infection caused by Trichophyton (T. Rubrum)
-Skin moisture (RF, Immunodeficiency, DM)
-KOH Smear
-Wood’s Lamp: Green Immunofluorescence if Microsporum
Melasma
-Avoid risk factors such as increased estrogen (OCP’s, pregnancy), sun exposure
-More likely in women with darker skin
-use protective sunscreens, triple therapy ointment
Wound, Open (Cat Bite)
-Use Augmentin (Amox-Clav)
Vitiligo
-Acquired skin disorder characterized by skin depigmentation due to an autoimmune destruction of melanocytes
Intertrigo
-Weight loss, weight control, proper hygiene, glycemic control, measures to reduce friction component of skin-skin contact
-Inflammatory condition of skin folds. Aggravated by heat, moisture, friction
-Candida infection worsens it –> satellite lesions, itching, burning, stinging
After how many days do facial sutures need to be removed?
5 days
Tinea Versicolor
-Due to yeast Malasezzia Furfur
-KOH prep: hyphae and spores (spaghetti and meatballs)
-Wood’s Lamp: yellow-green fluorescence
-2.5% Selenium Sulfide Shampoo or Imidazole cream
-PO Fluconazole
Impetigo
-Staph Aureus (MC), GABHS (2nd)
-Vesicles, pustules with honey colored crusts
-Associated with regional LAD
-Primarily on surfaces of face
-Clinical diagnosis, gram stain and culture if atypical presentation
-Mupirocin (Bactroban) TID x 10 days (first line)
-Extensive or systemic disease: Cephalexin, Dicloxacillin, Clindamycin, E-mycin
Dermatophytosis (Tinea)
First-line treatment: Topical Azoles x 4 weeks
Scabies
-Often clinical diagnosis. Skin scrapings of burrows with mineral oil to identify eggs or mites under microscopy.
-Permethrin topical: Apply for 8-14 hours then shower and repeat in 1 week
-Lindane cannot be used after showers (teratogenic and seizures)
Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
-Begins with nonspecific symptoms –> blistering rash and erosions on face/trunk/limbs/mucosal surfaces
-Positive Nikolsky Sign (lateral pressure makes skin flake off)
Dyshidrosis
High strength topical steroids and cold compresses; systemic steroids
What is seen on exam if the patient is suspected of neurofibromatosis?
Cafe-au-lait spots, inguinal/axillary freckling, lisch nodules of the iris, optic pathway gliomas (afferent pupillary defect)
Treatment for molluscum contagiosum
Cantharidin, topical retinoids
Treatment for pressure ulcers
-Pressure redistribution, good hygiene, turn patient often, keep area clean
Lichen planus is associated with other infection?
Hepatitis C
What is xerosis?
Dry skin - may have scales or small cracks in patients who are in dry environments. If they frequently wash hands, have inadequate hydration, swim in chlorine pools.
-Usually worse during winter months
Psoriasis is MC on _____ surfaces whereas eczema is on _____ surfaces
Extensor
Flexor
Explain an adverse drug effect of warfarin on the skin
Can cause rare skin necrosis due to paradoxical blood clotting by inactivating vitamin K dependent factors (II, VII, IX, X, protein C and S)
A patient who is receiving an infusion of Vancomycin develops symptoms such as pruritis, erythematous rash, hypotension, and angioedema. What is this called?
Red Man Syndrome
