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Psychology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Conditioned response

A

Learned response to neutral stimulus

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2
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

Something that prompts a natural or instinctual behavioural response

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3
Q

Unconditional Response

A

Natural behavioural instinct in response to an unconditioned stimulus

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4
Q

Neutral stimulus

A

A stimulus which does not prompt a response on its own and must be paired with an unconditioned stimulus

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5
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

A formerly neutral stimulus that can now prompt a conditioned response due to an association with the unconditioned stimulus

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6
Q

Conditioned response

A

Learned response to a conditioned stimulus

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7
Q

Amygdala

A

Brain’s “guard dog” that detects danger and potential threats, sending a signal to our autonomic nervous system to react accordingly

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8
Q

Hippocampus

A

Par of the limbic system that helps us form and save new memories

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9
Q

Limbic system

A

Helps us manage emotions and memories, activating survival instincts and forming a healthy attachment in our relationships

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10
Q

Cortisol

A

Stress hormone that makes your heart beat and your breathing to accelerate, high levels of energy will be sent to your muscles to avoid the strength

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11
Q

Cortex

A

Allows you to imagine, create, problem solve, and understand emotions

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12
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Allows us to asses the situation detected

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13
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

The idea that our brains are constantly changing, neurons can connect and reconnect to make pathways and networks

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14
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Repression- unacceptable desires/impulses are excluded from consciousness and are left to operate in the unconscious

Denial- refusing to recognize or acknowledge that something is painful

Displacement- shifting an emotion to another object, person, or situation

Projection- attributing threatening impulses and emotions on someone else, saying they are feeling something that you feel

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15
Q

Psychology

A

Seems to understand how people think, perceive, and act in a wide range of situations

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16
Q

Id

A

Operates on pleasure principle and avoids pain, innate desires like aggression, pleasure seeking, and sexual impulse

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17
Q

Ego

A

Rational part of the mind that operates on the reality principle, urges mature, adaptive behaviour

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18
Q

Superego

A

Operates on morality principle, society’s morals, values, and ethics, parental

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19
Q

Psychodynamic perspective

A

Unlocking the conscious mind is the key to understanding human behaviour and relationships, what is underneath the present feeling, resolving a patients conflicted conscious and unconscious feelings

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20
Q

Conscious

A

Rational mind, awareness of thoughts, feelings, and perceptions

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21
Q

Preconscious

A

Memories, stored knowledge

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22
Q

Unconscious

A

Irrational mind, primary urges, selfish desires, violent motives, immoral ways, unacceptable sexual desires, shame, fears

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23
Q

Personality

A

A persons typical patterns of feelings, thoughts, and behaviours, remaining consistent over time and different situations

24
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Shared, inherited pool of memories from ancestors regardless of culture

25
Archetypes
Universal symbols that tend to reappear over times, includes models of people, behaviours, or personalities
26
Extroversion
Outward turning goal directed energy placed in social involvement and outward directed activities, energized in social settings
27
Introversion
Use energy to explore internal world instead of outside events, get energy from internal world, can find external focus draining
28
Neurosis
Anxiety and depression
29
Sources
Primary - first hand accounts and field research Secondary - reports to summarize what other people say about the subject
30
Rational/Judgement types
Use conscious mind to make judgments Thinking- decisions based on cognitive calculations Feeling- emotional evaluation
31
Irrational types
Rely on sensation or intuition Intuition -derived knowledge unconsciously from inner sources or gut feeling Sensory -rely on sensory to respond to external stimuli, sensitive to sensory perceptions which guide their actions in a way they may be unable to explain
32
Control group
Individuals that help researchers measure data accurately by serving as a comparison to the group under study, they are not exposed to the independent variable
33
Independent variable
The variable whose effect is being studied
34
Dependent variable
Changes in response to the manipulation of the independent variable
35
Quantitative research
-tests a hypothesis and establishes relationships between variables, with closed ended questions and numerical results (eg survey)
36
Qualitative research
-builds a hypothesis based on research data and seeks to understand relationships between variables, with open ended descriptions and comparisons (eg interview or naturalistic observation)
37
Ivan Pavlov
discovered classical conditioning
38
Classical Conditioning
Pairing an UCR and UCS with a NS to create a CR
39
Epigenetic
Our genes can be turned on and off based on our environment, affecting our behaviour
40
B.F. Skinner
Rat box experiment where rat was shocked if pulled lever when red, for food when green
41
Behavioural psychology
Environment shapes human behaviour, study and analysis of observable behaviour
42
Five-Factor Model
Ppl differ in where they stand on basic trait dimensions, ranging from low medium and high Openness Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
43
Amygdala Hjacking
When stressful situations come up, illogical and irrational behaviours can be displayed, prompting a fight flight freeze response
44
Physiological Psychology
Physical mechanisms in the body that affect mental processes
45
Flight fight freeze faint
Body’s natural physiological responses to dangerous, stressful, or frightening events
46
Split neurotic self
-despised self and ideal self -despised self is id -ideal self is superego -neurosis is a way of interpersonal control and coping -3 coping mechanisms: compliant (sweet, self sacrificing) aggressive (powerful, a winner) withdrawing (perfect, independent)
47
Pleasure principal
-avoid pain, do anything for pleasure -sexual urges, aggression -instinctual
48
Morality principle
Act according to society’s values, be ethical, parental, moral
49
Reality
Balance pleasure and reality, be mature and adaptive
50
Jung
Dreams are unconscious mind communicating with conscious, message from instinctive to rational Created personality theory e or I , s or I, f or t
51
Myers-Brigg
Mother daughter team that provided personality matches for social and work interpretation of Jung’s theory, included how ppl deal with external world
52
Operant conditioning
Type of learning using rewards and punishments to achieve a desired behaviour
53
Reinforcements
Strengthen or increase a behaviour, can be positive or negative
54
Punishment
Process that decreases a behaviour
55
Extinction
Diminishing a conditions response bc of lack of reinforcement

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