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SAP > Psychology 1 > Flashcards

Psychology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Conditioned response

A

Learned response to neutral stimulus

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2
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

Something that prompts a natural or instinctual behavioural response

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3
Q

Unconditional Response

A

Natural behavioural instinct in response to an unconditioned stimulus

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4
Q

Neutral stimulus

A

A stimulus which does not prompt a response on its own and must be paired with an unconditioned stimulus

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5
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

A formerly neutral stimulus that can now prompt a conditioned response due to an association with the unconditioned stimulus

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6
Q

Conditioned response

A

Learned response to a conditioned stimulus

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7
Q

Amygdala

A

Brain’s “guard dog” that detects danger and potential threats, sending a signal to our autonomic nervous system to react accordingly

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8
Q

Hippocampus

A

Par of the limbic system that helps us form and save new memories

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9
Q

Limbic system

A

Helps us manage emotions and memories, activating survival instincts and forming a healthy attachment in our relationships

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10
Q

Cortisol

A

Stress hormone that makes your heart beat and your breathing to accelerate, high levels of energy will be sent to your muscles to avoid the strength

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11
Q

Cortex

A

Allows you to imagine, create, problem solve, and understand emotions

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12
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Allows us to asses the situation detected

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13
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

The idea that our brains are constantly changing, neurons can connect and reconnect to make pathways and networks

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14
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Repression- unacceptable desires/impulses are excluded from consciousness and are left to operate in the unconscious

Denial- refusing to recognize or acknowledge that something is painful

Displacement- shifting an emotion to another object, person, or situation

Projection- attributing threatening impulses and emotions on someone else, saying they are feeling something that you feel

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15
Q

Psychology

A

Seems to understand how people think, perceive, and act in a wide range of situations

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16
Q

Id

A

Operates on pleasure principle and avoids pain, innate desires like aggression, pleasure seeking, and sexual impulse

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17
Q

Ego

A

Rational part of the mind that operates on the reality principle, urges mature, adaptive behaviour

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18
Q

Superego

A

Operates on morality principle, society’s morals, values, and ethics, parental

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19
Q

Psychodynamic perspective

A

Unlocking the conscious mind is the key to understanding human behaviour and relationships, what is underneath the present feeling, resolving a patients conflicted conscious and unconscious feelings

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20
Q

Conscious

A

Rational mind, awareness of thoughts, feelings, and perceptions

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21
Q

Preconscious

A

Memories, stored knowledge

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22
Q

Unconscious

A

Irrational mind, primary urges, selfish desires, violent motives, immoral ways, unacceptable sexual desires, shame, fears

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23
Q

Personality

A

A persons typical patterns of feelings, thoughts, and behaviours, remaining consistent over time and different situations

24
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Shared, inherited pool of memories from ancestors regardless of culture

25
Q

Archetypes

A

Universal symbols that tend to reappear over times, includes models of people, behaviours, or personalities

26
Q

Extroversion

A

Outward turning goal directed energy placed in social involvement and outward directed activities, energized in social settings

27
Q

Introversion

A

Use energy to explore internal world instead of outside events, get energy from internal world, can find external focus draining

28
Q

Neurosis

A

Anxiety and depression

29
Q

Sources

A

Primary - first hand accounts and field research
Secondary - reports to summarize what other people say about the subject

30
Q

Rational/Judgement types

A

Use conscious mind to make judgments
Thinking- decisions based on cognitive calculations
Feeling- emotional evaluation

31
Q

Irrational types

A

Rely on sensation or intuition
Intuition
-derived knowledge unconsciously from inner sources or gut feeling
Sensory
-rely on sensory to respond to external stimuli, sensitive to sensory perceptions which guide their actions in a way they may be unable to explain

32
Q

Control group

A

Individuals that help researchers measure data accurately by serving as a comparison to the group under study, they are not exposed to the independent variable

33
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable whose effect is being studied

34
Q

Dependent variable

A

Changes in response to the manipulation of the independent variable

35
Q

Quantitative research

A

-tests a hypothesis and establishes relationships between variables, with closed ended questions and numerical results (eg survey)

36
Q

Qualitative research

A

-builds a hypothesis based on research data and seeks to understand relationships between variables, with open ended descriptions and comparisons (eg interview or naturalistic observation)

37
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

discovered classical conditioning

38
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Pairing an UCR and UCS with a NS to create a CR

39
Q

Epigenetic

A

Our genes can be turned on and off based on our environment, affecting our behaviour

40
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

Rat box experiment where rat was shocked if pulled lever when red, for food when green

41
Q

Behavioural psychology

A

Environment shapes human behaviour, study and analysis of observable behaviour

42
Q

Five-Factor Model

A

Ppl differ in where they stand on basic trait dimensions, ranging from low medium and high
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

43
Q

Amygdala Hjacking

A

When stressful situations come up, illogical and irrational behaviours can be displayed, prompting a fight flight freeze response

44
Q

Physiological Psychology

A

Physical mechanisms in the body that affect mental processes

45
Q

Flight fight freeze faint

A

Body’s natural physiological responses to dangerous, stressful, or frightening events

46
Q

Split neurotic self

A

-despised self and ideal self
-despised self is id
-ideal self is superego
-neurosis is a way of interpersonal control and coping
-3 coping mechanisms: compliant (sweet, self sacrificing) aggressive (powerful, a winner) withdrawing (perfect, independent)

47
Q

Pleasure principal

A

-avoid pain, do anything for pleasure
-sexual urges, aggression
-instinctual

48
Q

Morality principle

A

Act according to society’s values, be ethical, parental, moral

49
Q

Reality

A

Balance pleasure and reality, be mature and adaptive

50
Q

Jung

A

Dreams are unconscious mind communicating with conscious, message from instinctive to rational
Created personality theory e or I , s or I, f or t

51
Q

Myers-Brigg

A

Mother daughter team that provided personality matches for social and work interpretation of Jung’s theory, included how ppl deal with external world

52
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Type of learning using rewards and punishments to achieve a desired behaviour

53
Q

Reinforcements

A

Strengthen or increase a behaviour, can be positive or negative

54
Q

Punishment

A

Process that decreases a behaviour

55
Q

Extinction

A

Diminishing a conditions response bc of lack of reinforcement

SAP (3 decks)

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