psychological therapies Flashcards
what is involved is psychological therapy
cbt
family therapy
token economies
why is cbt
the main psychological therapy, used alongside antipsychotics
5-20 sessions
helps identify irrational thoughts to challenge them
use personal therapy
normalisation
what did Turkington et al (2004) study
cbt was effective in the case of a man who thought the mafia was out to get him
therapist acknowledged his anxiety, explained alternative possibilities that gently challenged his irrational beliefs
what are strengths of cbt
jauhar et al (2014) reviewed 34 studies of cbt for schizophrenia and found evidence of effects on symptoms
not a cure but helps people understand how to cope
what are weaknesses of cbt
can’t be generalised to everyone. Thomas (2015) points out how studies focus on different CBT techniques and people with different symptoms
what is rational emotive therapy
helps learn relaxation methods that avoid gradual anger buildup
based on ellis’ abcde model
allows patients to understand their own emotional instability
what is family therapy
takes place with families rather than individual patients
aims to improve quality of communication and interaction, reduce EE
therapist reduces stress that may contribute to a risk of relapse
what did Pharoah et al (2010) identify
strategies for family therapy:
forming a therapeutic alliance with all family members
reduce stress of caring for a relative with schizophrenia
reducing anger and guilt
she says these help reduce stress and EE and increase medication compliance
what did Leff et al (1985) study
compared family therapy with routine outpatient care for families with high EE
In the first 9 months 50% in care relapsed compared to 8% in family therapy
however after 2 years these statistics changed to 75% and 50%
what did Pilling et al (2002) study
performed a meta analysis of several treatments and found family therapy had
lowest relapses
lowest hospital re admissions
highest medication compliance
however cbt had the best success rate for treatment resistant forms
what are the strengths of family therapy
tarrier et al (1989) found family therapy may improve overall social functioning
cost effective as it reduces relapse
studies show it improves medication compliance and improves EE ratings
mcfarlane (2016) concluded relapse is reduced by 50-60%
benefits the whole family
what are weaknesses of family therapy
requires extensive time commitment
patients drop out
small sample sizes mean our understanding of cultural and ethnic issues related to family therapy is limited
may only be effective when used with meds
what are token economies
behaviourists believe schizophrenia is a learned illness
used for those who develop maladaptive behaviour when institutionalised
modifys bad habits and improves quality of life
tokens are given to reinforce desirable behaviour
based on operant conditioning, tokens are secondary reinforcers
what are the strengths of token economies
can make hospitals more efficient
flexible and can be tailored to individuals
what are the weaknesses of token economies
not a standalone treatment, used with antipsychotics
high relapse rates once the reinforcement stops
could be humiliating and ineffective
