diagnosis Flashcards
what did schneider (1959) do
summarised symptoms from verbal responses and found thought disorders, voices, delusions (grandeur and prosecution)
what did slater and roth (1969) do
added symptoms from observations and found thought disorders, speech poverty, disturbances of effect, psychomotor disturbances and avolition
what is the dsm
used in the USA
must display 2+ characteristic symptoms (delusions/hallucinations/disorganised speech/behaviour changes/negative symptoms)
and
social/occupational dysfunction
disturbance lasts for at least 6 months
what is the icd
used in the UK
must display at least 1- thought disorder, delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate/impossible delusions
or at least 2- persistent hallucinations, neologisms, catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms
duration is at least 1 month
what is co morbidity
when one or more additional disorders occur alongside schizophrenia
can cause confusion diagnosing
eg depression
sim et al (2006) found 32% of 142 hospitalised schizophrenics had an additional mental disorder
what is culture bias
when we over diagnose a condition in a specific culture
in britain schiz is over diagnosed in african and carribean communities
may be because most british psychiatrists are white
cochrane (1977) found afro caribbean’s are 7x more likely to be diagnosed in britain
what is gender bias
diagnostic criteria is applied differently in males and females
clinicians fail to see how men have more negative symptoms, higher substance abuse, show symptoms earlier than women
lewin et al (1984) found if clearer diagnostic criteria is applied, the number of female sufferers decreased
what is symptom overlap
where schizophrenics had similarities to other disorders
eg cocaine use, bipolar, autism etc
serper et al (1999) found it was possible to make accurate diagnosis when assessing patients with schiz, schiz+coke, and coke alone
