Psychological Testing Flashcards
a set of items that are designed to measure characteristics of human beings that pertain to behavior
Psychological Test
an individual’s observable activity
Overt behavior
Types of Test
- Achievement Test
- Aptitude Test
- Ability Test
- Personality Test
refers to previous learning
Achievement Test
refers to the potential for learning or acquiring a specific skill.
Aptitude Test
refers to a person’s general potential to solve problems, adapt to changing circumstances, think abstractly, and profit from experience
Intelligence
referred to capacity and potential
Ability Test
related to the overt and covert dispositions of the individual and measure typical behavior.
Personality Test
Types of Personality Tests
- Structured Personality Test
- Projective Personality Test
A type of personality test in either the stimulus (test materials) or the required response—or both—is ambiguous.
Projective Personality Test
refers to all the possible uses, applications, and underlying concepts of psychological and educational tests
Psychological Testing
Main Use of Psychological Testing
To evaluate individual differences or variations among individuals
also determined a child’s mental age
Binet-Simon Scale (1908)
relatively enduring dispositions (tendencies to act, think, or feel in a certain manner in any given circumstance) that distinguish one individual from another.
Traits
tend to remain so regardless of whether or not things are going well.
Optimistic People
tends to look at the negative side of things
Pessimistic People
Proponents of Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray and Christina Morgan in 1935
method of finding the minimum number of dimensions (characteristics, attributes), called factors, to account for a large number of variables.
Factor Analysis
early structured personality test that assumed that a test response can be taken at face value.
Woodworth Personal Data Sheet
highly controversial projective test that provided an ambiguous stimulus (an inkblot) and asked the subject what it might be.
Rorschach Inkblot Test
A projective test that provided ambiguous pictures and asked subjects to make up a story.
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
A structured personality test that made no assumptions about the meaning of a test response.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
A structured personality test developed according to the same principles as the MMPI.
The California Psychological Inventory (CPI)
A structured personality test based on the statistical procedure of factor analysis.
The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)
methods used to provide a concise description of a collection of quantitative information
Descriptive Statistics
displays scores on a variable or a measure to reflect how frequently each value was obtained.
Frequency Distribution
used to sumarize data
Mean Statistics
a score that can have different values
Variable
arithmetic average score in a distribution
Mean
an approximation of the average deviation around the mean.
Standard Deviation
methods used to make inferences from observations of a small group of people known as a sample to a larger group of individuals known as a population
Inferential Statistics
Certain tests have different normative groups for particular age groups
Age-Related Norms
one of the most common uses of age-related norms is for growth charts used by pediatricians.
Tracking
describes the specific types of skills, tasks, or knowledge that the test taker can demonstrate
Criterion-Referenced Test
used to relate a score to a particular distribution for a subgroup of a population
Norms
