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Child Health > Psychological, Social Changes > Flashcards

Psychological, Social Changes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between concrete and abstract thinking
Why is abstract thinking possible

A

Concrete
-objects represent ideas

Abstract thinking

  • hypothetical
  • consider longterm outcomes

Possible due to increased myelination, synaptic pruning => increased efficiency

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2
Q

What are the 4 forms of self concept

  • physical
  • academic
  • social
  • trans personal

How does time affect this

A

Physical
-concrete attributes

Academic
-school performance

Social
-how we relate to others

Trans personal
-how we relate to unknowns

Self concept is built and evolves over time

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3
Q

What is self esteem
What is it influenced by
What are the consequences if it’s low

A

Self belief

Influenced

  • parenting
  • physical/sexual abuse
  • health

If low
-suicide, depression, ED, teen pregnancy

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4
Q

What are the psychological and social changes that occur during early adolescence (10-13)

A

Psychological

  • concrete thinking
  • some development of moral concepts, sexual identity
  • reassess body image

Social

  • realise differences from parents, increased family arguments
  • peer identification, exploratory behaviours
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5
Q

What are the psychological and social changes that occur during mid adolescence (13-15)

A

Psychological

  • increased abstract thought
  • development of conventional morality, planning

Social

  • emotional parental separation
  • strong peer identification, initial difference of intolerance
  • increased heterosexual interest, health risk activity
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6
Q

What are the psychological and social changes that occur during late adolescence (16-18)

A

Psychological

  • abstract thinking
  • increased personal ID, impulse control

Social

  • autonomy
  • increased tolerance of difference, intimate relations
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7
Q

When are risky behaviours most common
What behaviours are more common in each gender
What are the risk factors
What are the protective factors

A

Peak at 13-14

  • males, smoke and drink
  • both likely to do drugs

Risks

  • peer pressure/low self esteem
  • low parental monitoring, SES
  • early experimentation => increased chance later in life

Protective

  • family closeness
  • academic goals
  • close parental monitoring
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8
Q

What is the impact on chronic illness on psychological, social changes

A

Lack of understanding of future outcomes => decreased adherence

  • peer pressure, relationships hard to maintain
  • hard to encourage independence
  • reject HCS as part of parental separation
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9
Q

Describe relative self esteem in each sex in early puberty and the associated consequences
Describe relative self esteem in each sex in late puberty and the associated consequences

A

Higher self esteem in males than females initially
-increased depression in females
Substance use is high in both

Higher self esteem in females than males later

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10
Q

What are the biological MH risk and protective factors

A

Risk

  • genetic
  • prenatal
  • substance use
  • chronic illness
  • malnutrition
  • head trauma

Protective
-normal healthy development

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11
Q

What are the psychological MH risk and protective factors

A

Risk

  • learning difficulties
  • abuse/neglect
  • low self esteem

Protective

  • typical functioning, high self esteem, problem solving, social skills
  • can learn from EXP
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12
Q

What are the familial social MH risk and protective factors

A

Risk

  • in care
  • poor relationships, parental MH, excess punishments
  • bereavement

Protective

  • good attachment
  • physically, mentally well parents
  • appropriate discipline
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13
Q

What are the educational social MH risk and protective factors

A

Risk

  • academic failure
  • bullying, lack of support

Protective
-academic success, +ve school environment

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14
Q

What are the community social MH risk and protective factors

A

Risk

  • discrimination
  • violence, crime exposure

Protective

  • +ve friends, peers, connections
  • leisure
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15
Q

Describe the epidemiology of MH problems

  • age, sex
  • ethnicity
  • parental employment, qualifications
  • substance abuse
A

Age, sex

  • increases with age
  • increased in early adolescence in males
  • increased in late adolescence in females

Ethnicity
-increased in black

Parental qualifications, employment
-increased in low SES, qualifications, unemployment

Substance abuse
-increased with smoking, alcohol, drug use

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16
Q

Describe the prevalence of MH problems
Which ones are the most common

How would you promote MH

A

V common

  • anxiety
  • depression
  • ED
  • ADHD
  • self harm
  • conduct disorder

Increased resilience, self esteem, identity

17
Q

What is the difference between

  • sexual orientation
  • sex
  • transsexual
  • gender
  • transgender
A

Sexual orientation

  • sexual/emotional arousal, attraction
  • sexual behaviour and identity

Sex
-genes, int/ext genitalia

Transsexual
-surgery to change to match gender

Gender
-roles, behaviours considered typical for men, women

Transgender
-gender and sex don’t match

18
Q

What are the MH risk and protective factors regarding sexuality

A

Risk

  • bullying, victimisation
  • social stigma
  • lack of familial support

Protective

  • familial, social support
  • belonging, optimism
19
Q

What risk factors are associated with sexual behaviour

A 
Substance use
Depression
Low self esteem
Poor communication
Difficulty with sexual, gender ID

Child Health (9 decks)

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