Emotional, Behavioural Development ☺️

Question 1

What affects temperament

Answer 1

Inherited but affected by

• prenatal conditions
• caregivers reactions

Question 2

What emotions can your child display

• at birth
• 3-4months
• 4-6months
• 5-7months

Answer 2

At birth

• interest
• distress
• disgust

3-4 months

• anger
• surprise
• sadness

4-6 months
-joy

5-7 months
-fear

Question 3

Importance of attunement

Answer 3

Parents minor child’s emotions and reacts

By quietly explaining why the child feels this way => support development of emotional understanding

Aid regulation of emotional intensity

Question 4

Describe emotional discrimination

Answer 4

Discriminate - infants use what they see, hear to differentiate emotions
Match - match carer’ emotions

Question 5

How do babies and toddlers display their emotions
What should you consider if older children display their emotions in the same way
-management

Answer 5

Distress expressed through behaviour

• sleeping issues
• eating difficulty
• restless
• withdrawn
• if in older children, indicative of underlying issues

Parental attention
-if +ve attention doesn’t work, child will use -ve attention

Specific interventions include whole family

Question 6

4 attachment styles

• maternal actions
• impacts on child

Answer 6

Secure

• mother => consistent, responsive to all emotions
• infants => all emotions are valid, healthy relationships, +ve self esteem and others

Avoidant

• mother => distant, disengaged, less responsive to all emotions
• infant => believes that needs won’t be met, hard to rely on others, suppress -ve emotions

Ambivalent

• mother => inconsistent responses, mixture of sensitive and neglectful
• infant => cannot rely on needs being met, increased anxiety, insecurity

Disorganised

• mother => frightening, intrusive
• infant => no strategy to have needs met, depresed, angry, passive/nonresponseve

Question 7

Secondary emotions?

What does the child realise through these

Answer 7

Often related to social life

Child understands how they are different from others

• shame
• guilt
• pride
• embarrassment
• empathy
• envy

Question 8

What are the 4 steps in developing empathy

Answer 8

Global
-observed emotion felt by observer

Egocentric
-match distress responds by offering something they find comforting

Empathy for feeling
-no matching, offer comfort

Empathy for life conditions
-no matching, understand life EXP and context

Question 9

How does emotional regulation change in adolescents

• increase in reproductive hormones
• frontal lobe dev

Answer 9

Increased reproductive hormones => increased sensitivity to social status

Frontal lobe development

• last to develop => emotional regulation, decision making
• may involve risky behaviour before this

Question 10

What are the adverse influences on emotional development

• environmental
• biological

How is emotional development affected

Answer 10

Environmental

• PND => mother less sensitive to emotional cues
• deprivation => affect brain development of areas needed for emotional development
• physical abuse => hyper vigilance
• strong regular parental criticism => harder to regulate emotions

Biological
-ASD => hard to understand emotions

Question 11

How does sex hormones affect emotionality

How does environmental influences affect this

Answer 11

Testosterone

• increased outgoing behaviour, aggression
• males more likely to display ext behaviours

Oestrogen

• increased nurturing behaviour
• females more likely to display int behaviours (depression, ED, self harm)

Environmental influences
-reinforced by parents, reactions teach children what emotional responses are appropriate