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USELF > Psychological Perspectives > Flashcards

Psychological Perspectives Flashcards

1
Q

consists of all characteristics of a person

A

self

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2
Q

refers to who a person is, representing a synthesis, and integration of self-understanding

A

identity

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3
Q

refers to the enduring personal characteristics of individuals, encompasses the self, and one’s identity.

A

personality

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4
Q

is the cognitive representation of the self, the substance of self-conceptions (E.g. “She is a 22-year-old, single Catholic Filipina working student passionate about animal rights”);

A

self-understanding

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5
Q

it is based on the roles we play and group membership

A

self-understanding

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6
Q

provides underpinnings for the development of identity

A

self-understanding

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7
Q

I am a 13 year-old student, a boy, a football player, a family member, a video game lover, and a movie fan

A

self-understanding

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8
Q

Early childhood self-understanding is characterized by:

A

-concrete/observable descriptions
-physical descriptions
-unrealistic positive over-estimations of personal attributes

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9
Q

concrete/observable descriptions

A

early childhood

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10
Q

physical descriptions

A

early childhood

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11
Q

unrealistic positive over-estimations of personal attributes

A

early childhood

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12
Q

Young children ___, ___, ___, ___

A

-Have difficulty in differentiating their desired and actual competence
-Cannot yet generate an ideal self that is distinguished from a real
self
-Rarely engaged in Social Comparison (ego centrism)
-Have the inability to recognize that they can possess opposite attributes

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13
Q

people Describe themselves using Traits

A

Late Childhood

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14
Q

people use social descriptions - references to social groups

A

Late Childhood

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15
Q

Engage in Social Comparison – thinking what they can do in comparison with others

A

Late Childhood

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16
Q

Distinguish between Real & Ideal Selves – differentiating their actual competencies from those they aspire to have

A

Late Childhood

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17
Q

More Realistic because of increased social comparison and perspective-taking

A

Late Childhood

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18
Q

Characterized by Abstract and Idealistic Thinking (e.g., I’m sensitive, I am indecisive)

A

Adolescence

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19
Q

CHaracterized by self-consciousness

A

adoolescence

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20
Q

characterized by contradictions within the self– differentiating their concept of the self into multiple roles in different relationship contexts

A

adolescence

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21
Q

Characterized by The fluctuating Self – the adolescent self continues to be characterized by instability until the adolescent constructs a more unified theory of self

A

adolescence

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22
Q

Characterized by Real and Ideal Selves: Possible self – includes what they might become, what they are afraid of becoming (e.g., Mooney Problem Checklist results)

A

Adolescence

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23
Q

Characterized by Self-integration – achieved in late adolescence or emerging adulthood, which results to an integrated sense of identity

A

Adolescence

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24
Q

Characterized by Importance of Self-awareness

A

Adulthood

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25
Q

Characterized by Possible selves

A

Adulthood

26
Q

What they would like to become; oftentimes unrealistic at first

A

Young adult

27
Q

Possible selves in terms of areas in which they already have performed (e.g., Being good at my work, Having a good marriage);

A

Middle-aged

28
Q

trying to attain hoped-for selves

A

MIddle-aged

29
Q

Concerned with maintaining what they have and preventing/avoiding health problems and dependency

A

Older Adults

30
Q

Describes a person’s position in the development of an Identity

A

Identity Status (James Marcia)

31
Q

2 dimensions of Identity Status

A

-Exploration
-Commitment

32
Q

refers to a person’s investigating various options for a career and for personal values

A

Exploration

33
Q

involves making a decision about which identity path to follow, and making a personal investment in attaining that identity

A

Commitment

34
Q

Has the person made a commitment? YES

Has the person explored meaningful alternatives regarding some identity options? YES

A

Identity Achievement

35
Q

Has the person made a commitment? YES

Has the person explored meaningful alternatives regarding some identity options? NO

A

Identity Foreclosure

36
Q

Has the person made a commitment? NO

Has the person explored meaningful alternatives regarding some identity options? YES

A

Identity moratorium

37
Q

Has the person made a commitment? NO

Has the person explored meaningful alternatives regarding some identity options? NO

A

Identity Diffusion

38
Q

the way you think about yourself
and your abilities or appearance

A

Self-concept

39
Q

one’s conception of oneself or of
one’s role

A

self-concept

40
Q

It is dynamic and forever changing

A

Ideal Self

41
Q

This is the kind of person whom
we would like to be

A

Ideal Self

42
Q

It is an idealized version of
yourself created out of what you
have learned from your life
experiences, the demands of
society, and what you admire in
your role models.

A

Ideal Self

43
Q

It is the self that feels most true to what
and who we really are

A

Real Self

44
Q

It refers to how we think, feel, and look

A

Real Self

45
Q

The underlying organismic self: What a
person is capable of becoming if they lived
in an ideal world. An individual would
have lived in an environment of
unconditional positive regard

A

Real Self

46
Q

when ideal self is closer to real self

A

congruence

47
Q

when feelings are not aligned with our actions

A

incongruence

48
Q

He pieced together a theory of self
that is remarkably modern

A

William James

49
Q

In his book ______, William James discusses
the manifold nature of the self

A

The Principles of
Psychology (1890)

50
Q

William james Theory, 2 main categories

A

-“ME” self
-“I” self

51
Q

William James

refers to the aspects of someone that come from
that person’s experiences

A

“ME” Self

52
Q

William James

refers to the the thinking self

A

“I” self

53
Q

3 divisions of “ME” self

A

-material self
-social self
-spiritual self

54
Q

“In its widest possible sense, however, a man’s
self is the ________,
not only his body and his psychic powers, but
his clothes and his house, his wife and
children, his ancestors and friends, his
reputation and works, his lands and horses,
and yacht and bank account. All these things
give him the same emotions.”

A

sum total of all that he can call his (William James)

55
Q

Four components of the self

A

-material self
-spiritual self
-social self
- pure ego

56
Q

consists of things that belong to us or that we belong to.

A

material self

57
Q

Things like ___, ___, ___, ___are some of what makes up our material selves

A

family, clothes, our body, and money

58
Q

are who we are in a given social situation. For James,
people change how they act depending on the social situation that they are in.

A

Social self

59
Q

is who we are at our core. It is more concrete or permanent, it is our most subjective and intimate self.

A

Spiritual self

60
Q

Aspects of an individual’s spiritual self include
things like ___, ___, ___.

A

personality, core values, and conscience

61
Q

He proposed the Person-centered Theory oof Personality

A

Carl Rogers

62
Q

Carl Rogers proposed that to be a fully functioning person, one must experience ___, ___, ___

A

genuineness (authenticity), empathy, and unconditional positive regard.

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