Psychological Perspective of the Self

Question 1

Psyche means?

Answer 1

Mind or soul

Question 2

Logos means?

Answer 2

Study

Question 3

What is psychology?

Answer 3

It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Question 4

What is behavior?

Answer 4

It is the observable actions of response

Question 5

Examples of behavior

Answer 5

Eating, Speaking, Sleeping

Question 6

What is mental processes?

Answer 6

It is the wide range of complex activities of the mind that are not directly observable.

Question 7

Examples of Mental Processes

Answer 7

Thinking, Imagining, Dreaming

Question 8

William James’ Concept of Self

Answer 8

The “I” Self and “Me” Self

Question 9

Differentiate “I” self from “Me” self

Answer 9

The “I” is the pure ego or thinking self. The “Me” self is the personal experience: (1) Material Self, (2) Social Self, (3) Spiritual Self

Question 10

William James and Functionalism

Answer 10

How mind allows people to function in the real world. It focuses on adaptation, living, working, playing- functioning in the real world. Consciousness as the stream of thought.

Question 11

Carl Rogers’ Self theory

Answer 11

Person-centered approach

Question 12

Two kinds of self

Answer 12

True Self- who you really are

Ideal Self- who you want to be

Question 13

What is congruence?

Answer 13

When your true self and ideal self become the same

Question 14

What is incongruence?

Answer 14

Having tension between two; causes anxiety

Question 15

Humanistic view of personality?

Answer 15

Focuses on traits that make people uniquely human. Reaction against negativity of psychoanalysis and behavioral determinism.

Question 16

Explain self-actualizing tendency and self-concept of Carl Rogers.

Answer 16

Self-actualizing tendency is the striving to fulfill innate capabilities while self-concept is the image of oneself that develops from interactions with significant people in one’s life.

Question 17

Explain the real self and ideal self

Answer 17

The real self is one’s perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities while Ideal self is what one should or would like to be. If the two self matched, there will be harmony. If not, it will cause anxiety

Question 18

Conditional positive regard vs Unconditional positive regard

Answer 18

Conditional: given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish.
Unconditional: positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached.

Question 19

What is human agency?

Answer 19

It is the essence of humanness. Humans have control over their own lives.

Question 20

People in human agency are?

Answer 20

Self-regulating, proactive, self-reflective, and self-organizing

Question 21

Human agency is by?

Answer 21

Albert Bandura

Question 22

Core features of Agency

Answer 22

Self-development
Adaption
Self-renewal

Question 23

Main features of Human Agency

Answer 23

Intentionality, Forethought, Self-reactiveness, Self-reflectiveness

Question 24

Carl Jung’s theory of self

Answer 24

Self as the central archetype. Represents the hidden potentialities of the psyche or total personality.

Question 25

What is collective unconscious?

Answer 25

Reside in the personal unconscious (forgotten experiences) that is common to all human beings.

Question 26

Four major Jungian Archetypes

Answer 26

Anima: the unconscious feminine side of a man Animus: the unconscious masculine side of a woman Shadow: negative sides, dark side of the psyche Self: central archetype that unites all parts of the psyche. ego is the individual's conscious perception of the self. Persona: mask, social roles present to others

Question 27

Sigmund Freud's Construction of Self & Personality

Answer 27

Mind is composed of three components: Id, Ego, Superego

Question 28

What is ego strength?

Answer 28

It refers to the ego's ability to resolve the conflict between the three components.

Question 29

What is id, ego, and superego?

Answer 29

Id- "I want it now." Ego- "I need to do a bit of planning to get it." Superego- "You can't have it, it's not right."

Question 30

What is Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious?

Answer 30

Conscious: contact with outside world Preconscious: material just beneath the surface of awareness Unconscious: Difficult to retrieve material; well below the surface of awareness

Question 31

Psychosexual stages of development

Answer 31

Oral (0-1), Anal (1-3), Phallic (3-6), Latency (6-12), Genital (12+)

Question 32

What is psychological defense mechanisms?

Answer 32

Unconscious distortions of a person's perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety

Question 33

Denial

Answer 33

Refusal to accept external realities

Question 34

Projection

Answer 34

Attribute unacceptable thoughts or impulses onto others

Question 35

Displacement

Answer 35

Shifting attention from one target that is no longer available to a more acceptable or safer substitute

Question 36

Sublimation

Answer 36

Healthiest defense mechanism, compromise, turns socially unacceptable impulses into positive & acceptable.

Question 37

Reaction formation

Answer 37

showing opposite emotions

Question 38

Rationalization

Answer 38

explaining giving reasons to an unacceptable behavior in a way that overlooks present shortcomings or failures.

Question 39

Regression

Answer 39

reverting to behavior that is characteristic to an earlier stage of development when confronted with stress or anxiety.

Question 40

Thought suppresion

Answer 40

The conscious process of pushing thoughts into preconscious; the conscious decision to delay paying attention to an emotion or need in order to cope with the present reality.

Question 41

Erik Erikson Self Theory?

Answer 41

Psychosocial stages of development

Question 42

1st year crisis

Answer 42

Trust vs mistrust

Question 43

2nd year crisis

Answer 43

autonomy vs doubt

Question 44

3rd-5th year crisis

Answer 44

initiative vs guilt

Question 45

6th- puberty crisis

Answer 45

industry vs inferiority

Question 46

adolescence crisis

Answer 46

identity vs confusion

Question 47

early adulthood crisis

Answer 47

intimacy vs isolation

Question 48

Middle age crisis

Answer 48

generativity vs self-absorption

Question 49

Aging years crisis

Answer 49

Integrity vs despair

Question 50

According to Alfred Adler, the drive for human behavior is the need to?

Answer 50

overcome the feelings of inferiority.

Question 51

What is inferiority complex?

Answer 51

brings an exaggerated feelings of inferiority on the sufferer and they will feel less motivated to strive for superiority.