Psychological Perspective of the Self Flashcards
Psyche means?
Mind or soul
Logos means?
Study
What is psychology?
It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
What is behavior?
It is the observable actions of response
Examples of behavior
Eating, Speaking, Sleeping
What is mental processes?
It is the wide range of complex activities of the mind that are not directly observable.
Examples of Mental Processes
Thinking, Imagining, Dreaming
William James’ Concept of Self
The “I” Self and “Me” Self
Differentiate “I” self from “Me” self
The “I” is the pure ego or thinking self. The “Me” self is the personal experience: (1) Material Self, (2) Social Self, (3) Spiritual Self
William James and Functionalism
How mind allows people to function in the real world. It focuses on adaptation, living, working, playing- functioning in the real world. Consciousness as the stream of thought.
Carl Rogers’ Self theory
Person-centered approach
Two kinds of self
True Self- who you really are
Ideal Self- who you want to be
What is congruence?
When your true self and ideal self become the same
What is incongruence?
Having tension between two; causes anxiety
Humanistic view of personality?
Focuses on traits that make people uniquely human. Reaction against negativity of psychoanalysis and behavioral determinism.
Explain self-actualizing tendency and self-concept of Carl Rogers.
Self-actualizing tendency is the striving to fulfill innate capabilities while self-concept is the image of oneself that develops from interactions with significant people in one’s life.
Explain the real self and ideal self
The real self is one’s perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities while Ideal self is what one should or would like to be. If the two self matched, there will be harmony. If not, it will cause anxiety
Conditional positive regard vs Unconditional positive regard
Conditional: given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish.
Unconditional: positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached.
What is human agency?
It is the essence of humanness. Humans have control over their own lives.
People in human agency are?
Self-regulating, proactive, self-reflective, and self-organizing
Human agency is by?
Albert Bandura
Core features of Agency
Self-development
Adaption
Self-renewal
Main features of Human Agency
Intentionality, Forethought, Self-reactiveness, Self-reflectiveness
Carl Jung’s theory of self
Self as the central archetype. Represents the hidden potentialities of the psyche or total personality.
What is collective unconscious?
Reside in the personal unconscious (forgotten experiences) that is common to all human beings.
Four major Jungian Archetypes
Anima: the unconscious feminine side of a man
Animus: the unconscious masculine side of a woman
Shadow: negative sides, dark side of the psyche
Self: central archetype that unites all parts of the psyche. ego is the individual’s conscious perception of the self.
Persona: mask, social roles present to others
Sigmund Freud’s Construction of Self & Personality
Mind is composed of three components: Id, Ego, Superego
What is ego strength?
It refers to the ego’s ability to resolve the conflict between the three components.
What is id, ego, and superego?
Id- “I want it now.”
Ego- “I need to do a bit of planning to get it.”
Superego- “You can’t have it, it’s not right.”
What is Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious?
Conscious: contact with outside world
Preconscious: material just beneath the surface of awareness
Unconscious: Difficult to retrieve material; well below the surface of awareness
Psychosexual stages of development
Oral (0-1), Anal (1-3), Phallic (3-6), Latency (6-12), Genital (12+)
What is psychological defense mechanisms?
Unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety
Denial
Refusal to accept external realities
Projection
Attribute unacceptable thoughts or impulses onto others
Displacement
Shifting attention from one target that is no longer available to a more acceptable or safer substitute
Sublimation
Healthiest defense mechanism, compromise, turns socially unacceptable impulses into positive & acceptable.
Reaction formation
showing opposite emotions
Rationalization
explaining giving reasons to an unacceptable behavior in a way that overlooks present shortcomings or failures.
Regression
reverting to behavior that is characteristic to an earlier stage of development when confronted with stress or anxiety.
Thought suppresion
The conscious process of pushing thoughts into preconscious; the conscious decision to delay paying attention to an emotion or need in order to cope with the present reality.
Erik Erikson Self Theory?
Psychosocial stages of development
1st year crisis
Trust vs mistrust
2nd year crisis
autonomy vs doubt
3rd-5th year crisis
initiative vs guilt
6th- puberty crisis
industry vs inferiority
adolescence crisis
identity vs confusion
early adulthood crisis
intimacy vs isolation
Middle age crisis
generativity vs self-absorption
Aging years crisis
Integrity vs despair
According to Alfred Adler, the drive for human behavior is the need to?
overcome the feelings of inferiority.
What is inferiority complex?
brings an exaggerated feelings of inferiority on the sufferer and they will feel less motivated to strive for superiority.
