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AQA Psychology - Forensic Science > Psychological Explanations: Eysenck's Theory > Flashcards

Psychological Explanations: Eysenck's Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Eysenck (1947) propose?

A

Personality can be represented along three dimensions

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2
Q

What are the three dimensions?

A
  • Introversion-extraversion (E)
  • Neuroticism-stability (N)
  • Psychoticism-socialisation (P)
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3
Q

What does the combination of the three dimensions do?

A

Forms a variety of personality characteristics

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4
Q

Where did Eysenck (1947) the personality types come from?

A

The nervous system

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5
Q

Are personality types learnt or innate according to Eysenk?

A

Innate

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6
Q

What kind of nervous system does extraverts have?

A

Underactive nervous system

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7
Q

What does it mean to have an underactive nervous system?

A

Seek excitement and stimulation and engage in risk taking activities

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8
Q

What kind of sympathetic nervous system does more neurotic individuals have?

A

Higher levels of reactivity

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9
Q

What do people with a higher sympathetic nervous system behave?

A

Nervous, jumpy, and over-anxious

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10
Q

Is it easier or more difficult to predict the behaviours of neurotic individuals?

A

More difficult

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11
Q

What hormone do psychotic individuals have a higher level of?

A

Testosterone

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12
Q

What are the behaviours of psychotic individuals?

A

Cold, unemotional and prone to aggression

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13
Q

What three types of personality does a criminal have?

A

Extraverts, neurotic and high psychoticism

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14
Q

How does a criminal behave according to Eysenck?

A
  • Unstable so prone to overreact to threat
  • Seek more arousal so engages in dangerous activities
  • Aggressive
  • Lacks empathy
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15
Q

Are criminals behaviour developmentally mature?

A

No, immature

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16
Q

Why are criminals behaviours immature?

A

Selfish and concerned with immediate gratification

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17
Q

What normally occurs during socialisation of children?

A
  • Delay gratification

- More socially orientated

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18
Q

Why do criminals (with a high extravesion and neuroticism) find it difficult to learn during socialisation?

A

Nervous system makes it more difficult for them to learn

19
Q

What are criminals less likely to learn?

A

Anxiety responses to antisocial impulses

20
Q

How did Eysenck measure the type of personality an individual may have?

A

With the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI)

21
Q

What was the original Eysenck Personality Inventory?

A

Psychological test that locates respondents along the E and N dimensions

22
Q

How is the newer version of Eysenck Personality Inventory different?

A

Adding of psychoticism

23
Q

Who supports the Eysenck’s theory?

A

Eysenck and Eysenck (1977)

24
Q

How did Eysenck and Eysenck (1977) support the EPI?

A

Compared 2070 male prisoners with a control group of 2422 non-criminal

25
Q

What did Eysenck and Eysenck (1977) find?

A

Prisoners scored higher on P, E and N

26
Q

Who could you use as a counter argument to Eysenck and Eysenck (1977)?

A

Farrington et al (1982)

27
Q

What did Farrington et al (1982) find?

A
  • Offenders score higher on P but not on E or N

- EEGs show little consistencies of difference between extraverts and introverts

28
Q

Did Eysenck believe there to be multiple or just one type of criminal?

A

One

29
Q

Who showed that there are more than one type of criminal?

A

Moffitt (1993)

30
Q

What did Moffitt (1993) propose?

A

Several distinct types of adult male offenders based on the time of the first offence and how long offending persists

31
Q

Who proposed the five factor model?

A

Digman (1990)

32
Q

What is the five factor model?

A

Three more dimensions being openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness

33
Q

What Eysenck’s study culturally biased?

A

Yes

34
Q

Is Eysenck’s theory a type of imposed etic?

A

Yes

35
Q

How showed Eysenck’s theory to culturally biased?

A

Bartol and Holanchock (1979)

36
Q

What did Bartol and Holanchock (1979) study?

A

Hispanic and African-American offender in New York in maximum security completed the EPI

37
Q

What was Bartol and Holanchock (1979) findings?

A

Less extraverted than non-criminals

38
Q

Does the Eysenck theory have good generalisability?

A

No

39
Q

Is Eysenck’s theory reductionism or holism?

A

Reductionism

40
Q

Why is Eynseck’s theory reductionism?

A

As simplifies personality to a score

41
Q

Does Eynseck’s theory fit other biological approaches?

A

Yes

42
Q

How does Eyseck’s theory fit other biological approaches?

A
  • Recognises personality may have a genetic basis
  • ADP due to brain structure
  • Link to nervous system
43
Q

What can Eseck’s theory suffer from due to using some biological approaches?

A

Biologically determinism and reductionism

AQA Psychology - Forensic Science (12 decks)

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