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AQA Psychology - Forensic Science > Biological Explanations: Genetic and Neural Explanations > Flashcards

Biological Explanations: Genetic and Neural Explanations Flashcards

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1
Q

Was Lange (1930) research a twin or an adoption study?

A

Twin

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2
Q

Was Crowe (1971) research a twin or an adoption study?

A

Adoption

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3
Q

What did Lange (1930) do?

A
  • 13 MZ twins
  • 17 DZ twins
  • Each pair spent time in prison
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4
Q

What did Lange (1930) find?

A
  • 10/13 MZ

- 2/17 DZ twins

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5
Q

What did Crowe (1972) find?

A

Adopted children who had a biological parent with criminal record was 50% greater of risk of criminal record by 18

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6
Q

How many participants did Tiihonen et al (2014) study?

A

About 900 offenders

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7
Q

What did Tiihonen ey al (20014) reveal?

A

Two genes associated with violent crime

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8
Q

What are the two genes associated with violent crime?

A
  • MAOA gene

- CDH-13

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9
Q

What does the MAOA gene control?

A

Serotonin and dopamine and is linked to aggressive behaviour

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10
Q

What is the CDH-13 gene linked to?

A

Substance abuse and attention deficit disorder

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11
Q

How many times more likely is a person to have a history of violent disorder if associated with CDH-13 and MAOA?

A

13

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12
Q

What is the diathesis-stress model?

A

An individual is genetically vulnerable to a disorder but it is environmentally (i.e stress) triggered

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13
Q

What does someone lack of if they have antisocial personality disorder (ADP)?

A

Lack of empathy and emotional responses

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14
Q

What type of genes are CDH-13 and MAOA?

A

Candidate gene

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15
Q

What is a candidate gene?

A

A gene or set of genes which are associated with a certain type of disorder

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16
Q

What do most participants have in research of neural explanation?

A

ADP

17
Q

What part of the brain is linked with ADP?

A

Prefrontal cortex

18
Q

What happens if less activity in prefrontal cortex?

A

Less emotional regulation

19
Q

Who studied into the ADP and the prefrontal cortex?

A

Raine et al (2000)

20
Q

What did Raine et al (2000) find?

A

11% reduction in grey matter in prefrontal cortex of people with ADP compared to control group

21
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex regulate?

A

Emotional behaviour

22
Q

What do the mirror neurons in the brain control?

A

Empathy

AQA Psychology - Forensic Science (12 decks)

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