Psychological Disorders (Modules 47-52)

Question 1

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognitions, emotion regulation, or behavior

Answer 1

Psychological Disorder

Question 2

The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Answer 2

Medical Model

Question 3

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Answer 3

DSM-5

Question 4

NSSI

Answer 4

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Question 5

“Above” or “in addition to” (epi) genetics; the study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expression (without a DNA change)

Answer 5

Epigenetics

Question 6

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Answer 6

Anxiety Disorders

Question 7

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Answer 7

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Question 8

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack

Answer 8

Panic Disorder

Question 9

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Answer 9

Specific Phobias

Question 10

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

Answer 10

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Question 11

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Answer 11

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 12

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

Answer 12

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Question 13

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. (Formerly called hypochondriasis.)

Answer 13

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Question 14

A disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drug use or a medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure

Answer 14

Major Depressive Disorder

Question 15

A group of disorders in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)

Answer 15

Bipolar Disorder

Question 16

A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common

Answer 16

Mania

Question 17

Compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes

Answer 17

Rumination

Question 18

A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

Answer 18

Schizophrenia

Question 19

A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

Answer 19

Psychotic Disorder

Question 20

A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Answer 20

Delusions

Question 21

(Also called process schizophrenia) A form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

Answer 21

Chronic Schizophrenia

Question 22

(Also called reactive schizophrenia) A form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event, and from which recovery is much more likely

Answer 22

Acute Schizophrenia

Question 23

Controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Answer 23

Dissociative Disorders

Question 24

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities. (Formerly called multiple personality disorder)

Answer 24

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Question 25

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Answer 25

Personality Disorders

Question 26

Three Personality Disorder Clusters

Answer 26

Anxiety, eccentric or odd behaviors, and dramatic or impulsive behaviors

Question 27

A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

Answer 27

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Question 28

An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight, and has an inaccurate self-perception; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

Answer 28

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 29

An eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Answer 29

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 30

Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory behavior that marks bulimia nervosa

Answer 30

Binge-Eating Disorder

Question 31

Central nervous system abnormalities (usually in the brain) that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior (as in intellectual limitations or a psychological disorder)

Answer 31

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 32

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life. (Formerly referred to as mental retardation)

Answer 32

Intellectual Disability

Question 33

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

Answer 33

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Question 34

A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer 34

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder