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General Psychology > Consciousness & the Two-Track Mind (Modules 7-9) > Flashcards

Consciousness & the Two-Track Mind (Modules 7-9) Flashcards

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1
Q

Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

A

Hypnosis

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3
Q

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

A

Cognitive Neuroscience

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4
Q

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

A

Selective Attention

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5
Q

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

A

Inattentional Blindness

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6
Q

Failing to notice changes in the environment; a form of inattentional blindness

A

Change Blindness

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7
Q

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

A

Dual Processing

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8
Q

A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

A

Blindsight

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9
Q

Processing many aspects of a stimulus or problem simultaneously

A

Parallel Processing

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10
Q

Processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems

A

Sequential Processing

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11
Q

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

A

Sleep

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12
Q

Our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle

A

Circadian Rhythm

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13
Q

Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active

A

REM Sleep

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14
Q

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

A

Alpha Waves

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15
Q

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

A

Hallucinations

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16
Q

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

A

Delta Waves

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17
Q

The first stage of non-REM (NREM) sleep; marked by the slowed breathing and irregular brain waves

A

N1 Sleep

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18
Q

During this stage of sleep, sleep spindles – bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity that aid memory processing – occur periodically; you could still be awakened quite easily, but you are now clearly asleep

A

N2 Sleep

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19
Q

This stage puts you in deep sleep; during this slow-wave sleep, your brain emits large, slow delta waves and you are hard to awaken

A

N3 Sleep

20
Q

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. In response to light, the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

21
Q

1) Sleep protects, 2) Sleep helps us recuperate, 3) Sleep helps restore and rebuild our fading memories of the day’s experiences, 4) Sleep feeds creativity thinking, and 5) Sleep supports growth

A

Why We Sleep

22
Q

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

A

Insomnia

23
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

A

Narcolepsy

24
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

A

Sleep Apnea

25
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during N3 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

A

Night Terrors

26
Q

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind

A

Dreams

27
Q

1) To satisfy our own wishes, 2) To file away memories, 3) To develop and preserve neural pathways, 4) To make sense of neural static, and 5) To reflect cognitive development

A

Why We Dream

28
Q

According to Freud, the symbolic, remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)

A

Manifest Content

29
Q

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

A

Latent Content

30
Q

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

A

REM Rebound

31
Q

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

A

Psychoactive Drugs

32
Q

A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

A

Substance Use Disorder

33
Q

Psychoactive drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

A

Depressants

34
Q

(popularly known as alcoholism) Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

A

Alcohol Use Disorder

35
Q

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

A

Barbiturates

36
Q

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

Opiates

37
Q

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

A

Stimulant

38
Q

Drugs (such as methamphetamine) that stimulate neural activity, causing accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes

A

Amphetamines

39
Q

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco products

A

Nicotine

40
Q

A powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant; produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

A

Cocaine Bear

41
Q

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, reduces baseline dopamine levels

A

Methamphetamines

42
Q

(a street name for MDMA) A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

A

Ecstasy

43
Q

Psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

A

Hallucinogens

44
Q

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

A

Near-death Experience

45
Q

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

A

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

46
Q

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

A

THC

General Psychology (9 decks)

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