Psychological Disorders Flashcards
What are the 3 D’s of abnormality?
- Deviant
- Dysfunctional
- Distressing
What are some causes of psych disorders?
Genetics, childhood trauma, high reactivity, etc.
Symptoms: re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, depression common, arousal (reckless, agressive, etc).
PTSD
In OCD, what does the Obsession mean?
Reocurring, irracional, unwanted thoughts.
Compulsion?
Uncontrollable, repetitive behaviour. Often in response to the obsession. Acts as a defence against anxiety.
Causes of OCD?
Learning: compulsions are reinforced by reducing anxiety.
Biological: NT imbalance, genetic
What is somatic symptom disorder?
Symptoms of a physical disfunction or illness. Usually has no cause and can’t be treated.
Description: irrational belief of having a serious illness. Overly concerned about health but no overt symptoms. Regular bodily functions believed to be serious health problems. Subtype of avoiding doctors.
Illness anxiety disorder
What is dissociative amnesia?
Inability to remember personal information or events without organic cause or substance abuse. Can still recall habits, tastes, previously acquired skills.
What is Fugue?
When a person can’t recall some or all of their past. Either the loss of identity or formation of a new identity may occur with sudden, unexpected, purposeful travel away from home.
Depression:
Severe symptoms that last at least 2 weeks with no notable cause.
Major depressive disorder
Depression:
Severe symptoms that can be milder than major depression that last for at least 2 years without periods of remission lasting more than two months.
Persistant Depressive Disorder
What are some causes of depression ?
Somewhat heritable. Neurochemical imbalance (low levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and/or dopamine. Decrease in pleasure and reward mechanism.
More REM sleep and less slow-wave sleep. (Less REM sleep = less depression)
What are some symptoms of bipolar disorder?
Mood swings: depression to mania. (Some just mania or hypomania).
Characteristics on mania?
Elation, feelings of power, confidence, and energy, talkativeness, irritability.
Characteristics of hypomania?
Similar to mania but not as intense. Unusual for the person in question, but could be normal from someone else.
What is the difference between Bipolar | and Bipolar ||?
Bipolar | is most severe, one or more manic episodes, usually accompanied by major depressive episodes (may include hypomania).
Bipolar || is less severe. Moods alter between hypomania and depression. Sometimes more depressed than BP |. Can’t have psychotic episodes.
Causes for bipolar disorder?
Bipolar more heritable than depression.
Chemical imbalance: lower sensitivity to serotonin, increased sensitivity to dopamine
What is the diagnosis for schizophrenia?
Disturbance must last more than six months with one month of active phase symptoms.
5 key symptoms for schizophrenia
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Disorganized behaviour
- Negative symptoms
Positive symptoms?
Delusions: false beliefs.
Hallucinations
Thought disturbances
Negative symptoms?
Slowing down of bodily movements, poverty of speech, flattened affect, apathy, inattentiveness, withdrawal from loved ones
