Learning Flashcards
What is classical conditioning?
Involuntary responses that result from experiences that occur before a response. It is unlearned !
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
The first stimulus encountered.
What is an unconditioned response?
A response that is produced from the UCS without any previous learning.
What is a neutral stimulus?
A stimulus in the surroundings of the UCS. It becomes a conditioned stimulus when it produces the same response as the UCS.
Conditioned stimulus?
Something that produces the same response as the UCS and isn’t the UCS directly. Used to be the neutral stimulus.
Provides a conditioned response.
What is operant conditioning?
Changes in behaviour as a result of experiences that occur after a response.
Involves punishment and reinforcement.
Description: Addition of something positive/desirable after a response. Ex: treat
Positive reinforcement. Addition = +
Description: Removal of something negative/undesirable after a response. Ex: taking aspirin
Negative reinforcement. Removal = -
Description: addition of something undesirable after a response. Ex: spanking
Positive punishment
Description: removal of something desirable after a response. Ex: take away your TV
Negative punishment
A response is reinforced after a specific number of responses. Ex: a treat for every 5 tricks
Fixed ratio
Response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed. Ex: treat for first trick after 30 seconds.
Fixed interval
Response is reinforced after an unpredictable amount of responses. Ex: treat after 1 bar press, 30 bar presses, 2 bar presses, etc
Variable ratio
Response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed. Ex: treat after 20 seconds, treat after 3seconds, etc
Variable interval
