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Psychology > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

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1
Q

Focus on mental operations and not mental structure.

A

Functionalism

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2
Q

Analyze and identify the structure of our consciousness. Also known as the study of the elements of consciousness.

A

Structuralism

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3
Q

Emphasis on early childhood experiences. Focused on impulses, thoughts, and memories. Psychological problems are the motives to our actions. Not much studied today.

A

Psychodynamics

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4
Q

Could only study directly observable behaviour. Says that all behaviours are learned from interactions with environment. No free will.

A

Behaviourism

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5
Q

Popular in 1960’s. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Optimistic view of humans. Emphasized creativity, love, positive growth. More useful in developing therapeutic techniques.

A

Humanistics

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6
Q

What was William Wundt known for developing?

A

Structuralism, psychology. In 1879. Also, the first school dedicated to psychology.

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7
Q

What was Titchner known for?

A

His help with William Wundt. Was a student of Wundt’s. Analyze and identify the structure of consciousness.

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8
Q

What was B.F. Skinner known for?

A

He developed new equipment to study learning. Elaborated on Operant Conditioning (punishment/reinforcement following a behaviour). Dominated North American Psychology until late 60’s. Linked to behaviourism.

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9
Q

What did Ivan Pavlov contribute?

A

The founder of Classical Conditioning. Main focus was originally digestion in animals. Studied the salivation of dogs. Linked to behaviourism.

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10
Q

What did John Watson contribute?

A

Was the founder of Behaviourism. Conducted the Little Albert experiment.

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11
Q

“Putting the psyche back in psychology.” Since 1960’s, increase of interest in mental processes (thinking, memory, expectations, etc.). Use objective research to make inferences about mental events.

A

Cognitive Psychology

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12
Q

Definition: “Mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge”

A

Cognition

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13
Q

Definition: Behaviour explained in terms of physiological processes (neuroscience).

A

Biological Psychology

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14
Q

Behavioural tendencies explained by natural selection. Focuses on how evolution has shaped the mind and behaviour.

A

Evolutionary Psychology

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Psychology (9 decks)

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