Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Explain maladaptive behavior
Behavior that is destructive to oneself or others.
What is a psychological disorder?
A harmful dysfunction in which behaviors are maladaptive, unjustifiable, disturbing and atypical
Explain unjustifiable behavior
Behavior that is without rational basis
Explain disturbing behavior
Behavior that is troublesome to other people
Explain atypical behavior
Behavior that is so different it violates a norm. This behavior is not like other people’s behavior it doesn’t matter if my behavior is unlike yours if we live in different cultures. It only matters whether people in my culture think my behavior is abnormal.
What must you have to be judged as having a psychological disorder?
You must meet MUDA.
What is the medical model?
Made by Philippe Pinel in the 1800’s, The medical model with need to start treating psychological suffering as a medical disease. It is based on three concepts:
1) mental illnesses have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated and cured
2) psychological disorders can be diagnosed based on their symptoms and treated or cured through therapy
3) psychological disorders are similar to a physical illness
The medical model emphasizes physical causes. It does not focus on the environmental explanation such a stress or personal history
Explain the bio-psycho-social model.
This approach things about disorders from multiple perspectives including genetics, psychological factors, and social factors.
How do psychologists classify a disorder?
1) describe disorder
2) predict future course of the disorder
3) treat disorder appropriately
4) provide springboard for research into disorders causes
What are the pros and cons of labeling I disorder?
Pros: help a psychologist communicate about psychological disorders. Helps ecologists understand some processes and can enable better treatment outcome.
Cons: we tend to judge those who have been labeled as having a mental disorder.
What is dissociative disorders?
A person’s sense of self has become separated from his memories, thoughts, or feelings.
What is dissociative amnesia?
Memory loss must be a reaction to a traumatic event such as previous personal threats, war, or surviving natural disaster
What is dissociative fugue?
I extended form of dissociative amnesia characterized by loss of identity and travel to a new location. This can be a short State or a long state. The person may develop a new identity form new friendships or enter a new line of work. The development of this state is an unconscious response to extreme stress.
What is dissociative identity disorder?
A rare and controversial disorder in which an individual exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. The sub personalities and different age, sex and self perception of physical characteristics. Psychologists debate whether dissociative identity disorder are really exists.
Explain schizophrenic disorders
Schizophrenia is not one disorder. It is a family of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions or behaviors. The split resolves a break from reality not a division of personality.
What are the symptoms of schizophrenia?
Common symptoms include delusions, hallucinations and inappropriate emotions or behaviors.
What are delusions?
A delusion is a false belief. There are four categories of delusions beliefs with no logical basis
What is a delusion of grandeur?
False beliefs that you are more important than you really are. People with schizophrenia may believe that they are someone else.
What are delusions of persecution?
False beliefs that people are out to get you.
What are delusions of sin or guilt
False beliefs of being responsible for some misfortune.
What are delusions of influence?
False beliefs of being controlled by outside forces.
What are hallucinations?
I hallucination is a false perception. They are perceptions with no outside stimulation.
Explain auditory hallucinations
Give a report hearing voices and sometimes The voices tell them what to do. This is the most common type
What are visual hallucinations?
The person sees nonexistent objects or distorted images of items or people
What are tactile hallucinations
Occur when people feel skin simulation, such as tingling or burning or touch that is not real.
Explain what it means to have inappropriate emotions or behaviors.
A person may have wildly inappropriate emotions such as laughing uncontrollably when sadness is called for. They may have flat emotions or showing no emotions at all, some may not speak, so I may produce a word salad which means nonsense talk, act in inappropriate ways, have waxy flexibility, and withdraw from the affairs of the world affecting their knowledge of current events and social skills
What is word salad?
Nonsense talk
What is waxy flexibility?
A state in which you could place the person’s arm and something vision of your choice and they would hold that position for hours
What is paranoid schizophrenia?
Characterized by delusions, particularly delusions of grande or and persecution
What is catatonic schizophrenia?
Variations in voluntary movements. A person with catatonic schizophrenia alternates between catatonic excitement and catatonic stupor.
What is catatonic excitement?
Consisting of rapid movements, delusions and hallucinations
What is catatonic stupor
Little activity or speech, flat emotion and waxy flexibility
What is disorganized schizophrenia
Bizarre behavior, delusions and hallucinations. These people are visibly disturbed
What is undifferentiated schizophrenia?
Characterized by symptoms that are disturbed but are not clearly consistent with the other types of schizophrenia. They do show clear evidence of the symptoms of schizophrenia however
Explain the biological factors of the causes of schizophrenia
Brain structure – schizophrenia is associated with smaller amounts of brain tissue and larger fluid filled space is around that tissue
Genetics – the likelihood of developing schizophrenia increases when you have a parent or sibling with schizophrenia however there is no gene that can cause it
Brain function – PET scan’s have shown that the frontal lobe is less active when schizophrenia is present. People with schizophrenia can have six times the normal number of dopamine receptor sites
Prenatal viruses – a viral infection during the middle of pregnancy may contribute to schizophrenia
Explain the psychological factors of causes of schizophrenia
Stress can act as a trigger that sets it off and disturbed family communications are correlated with the development of schizophrenia
What is a personality disorder?
A lasting, rigid behavior patterns that disrupts social functioning. Personality disorders are divided into three clusters, personality disorders related to anxiety, with art or eccentric behavior, and personality disorders with dramatic or impulsive behavior
Explain avoidant personality
People with avoidant personality are overly sensitive to rejection and fear starting relationships or anything new. They have a strong desire for affection and acceptance but avoid intimate relationships and social situations for fear of disappointment and criticism. They are openly distressed about their isolation an inability to relate comfortably to others. They withdraw and if you’re shy and timid
Explain dependent personality
People with dependent personality routinely surrender major decisions and responsibility to others and permit the needs of those they depend on to supersede their own. They lack self-confidence and feel intensely insecure about their ability to take care of themselves they cannot make decisions and this behavior is due partly to roll reluctance to express their views for fear of offending the people they need.
Explain compulsive personality
People with an compulsive personality or preoccupied with orderliness perfectionism and control. They’re reliable, dependent, orderly and methodical but there inflexibility makes it unable to adapt to change. They have difficulty making decisions and have trouble completing task. They are often high achievers
Explain paranoid personality
People with a paranoid personality are distrustful and suspicious of others. They may take actions that they feel are justifiable retaliations but that others find baffling. They suspect that others are out to harm them and they are generally cold and distance in relationships
Explain schizoid personality
These people are introverted, withdrawn, insularity. They are emotionally cold and socially distant. They are most often absorbed with their own thoughts and feelings and are fearful of closeness and intimacy with others. They talk a little and for for theoretical speculation and fantasizing is a calming and coping mechanism
Explain schizotypal personality
These people are socially and emotionally detached. They display Autre tease and thinking, perceiving and communicating with others. They believe that their thoughts or actions can control something or someone and they generally have paranoid ideas.
What is histrionic personality disorder her?
These people seek attention are dramatic and excess Sivley emotional and are overly concerned with their appearance. There lively expressive manner results in Easley established but often superficial transient relationships. Their emotions often seem exaggerated, childish, and contrived to revoke sympathy of others. They are prone to sexually provocative behavior and to sexualizing non-sexual relationships.
What is a narcissistic personality disorder her?
These people have a sense of superiority, I need for admiration, and the lack of empathy. They have an exaggerated believe and their own value or importance which is called grandpa city. They may be extremely sensitive to failure, defeat or criticism. They become enraged where severely depressed when confronted by failure. They need to be superior in the relationshipand suspect with others and beat them. Darren title to having their needs met without waiting so they exploit others. Their behavior is often offensive to others and they are viewed as being self-centered, arrogant, or selfish.
What is antisocial personality disorder her?
These people so callous disregard for the rights and feelings of others. Just honesty and deceit cremate their relationships. The exploit others for material gain or personal gratification. The act out their complex impulsively and irresponsibly and are often hostile and violent. Did you not anticipate the negative consequences and do not feel remorse or guilt. They are prone to alcoholism drug addiction and imprisonment.they are likely to feel it through jobs and they often have a family history of antisocial behavior. As children they were emotionally neglected and physically abused. They have a shorter life expectancy and this disorder times to diminish or stabilize with age
What is borderline personality disorder?
Dear unstable and their self image, moods, behavior and interpersonal relationships their thought processes are more disturbed and their aggression is more often turned against themselves. They are angry or, more positive, and more confused about their identity. People with borderline personality disorder are often report being neglected or abused as children, they feel empty, angry, and deserving of nurturing.they are far more dramatic and intense part interpersonal relationships and people with anxiety related personality disorders. When they fear being abandoned they tend to express inappropriate an intense anger. They see events and relationships as black-and-white. They may wonder whether they actually exist and they can become desperately impulsive. They have brief episodes of psychotic thinking, paranoia and hallucinations. Most common personality disorder treated by therapists.
