Psychological Disorder Flashcards by Nhu Nguyen

Schizophrenia

Positive symptoms: delusion, hallucination, disorganized thoughts/ behaviour
Psychotic or disorganized dimension
Negative symptom: disturbance of affect /avolition
Continued signs for 6 months

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Disturbance of affect

Lack of expression
Talk that’s not appropriate for the context
Similiar to Wernicke aphasia
Repeated/ abrupt patterns

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Delusion of reference

Ex: TV person talk—> patients think that person is talking to them directly

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Delusion of persecution

Person is being plotted against

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Delusion of grandeur

Person is remarkable in some way

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Thought broadcasting/insertion

Thinking your thoughts are being broadcast to everyone/ or being inserted into your brain

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Hallucination

Perception that’s not due to external stimuli but seems very real

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Disorganized thoughts

Loosening of association- saying words and random thoughts that have no link

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Disorganized behaviour

Can’t do daily task
Catatonia— bizarre useless movement
Echolalia—repeating someone’s words
Echopraxia—imitating someone else

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Blunting, Flat affect, inappropriate affect

Blunting: severe reduction in display of emotion

Flat affect: no sign of expression

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Prodomal phase

Starting phase

Deterioration, social withdrawal, function impairment, inappropriate effect

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Major depressive disorders

2 weeks of depressed moods, lost of interest in activity, suicidal thoughts

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Persistent depressive disorder

Dysthymia: depressive mood that’s not severe enough for major but last over 2 years

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Seasonal affective disorder

Depressive symptoms in winter months

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Bipolar and related disorders

Depression and mania
Manic episodes: abnormal and elevated mood for 3 weeks
Bipolar 1: manic episodes without major depressive episode
Bipolar 2: hypomania with one major depressive episode

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Hypomania

Energetic and optimistic but not severe enough to be mania

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Cyclothymic disorer

Hypomanic episode and dysthymia

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Monoamine/catecholamine theory of depression

Too much norepinephrine/serotonin— mania

Too little— depression

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Generalized Anxiety disorder

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specific Phobias

Irrational fear of object or situation

Social anxiety disorder

Anxiety due to social situation

Agoraphobia

Fear of being in a place where it’s hard to escape

Panic disorder

Repeated panic attacks: apprehension, trembling, sweating, hyperventilation, sense of unreality

OCD

Characterized by obsession (persistent/ intrusive thoughts) and complusion (repetitive task)

Body dysmorphic disorder

Unrealistic negative evaluation of his/her personal appearance, attractiveness

PTSD

Traumatic event Avoidance symptoms: avoid people, memories associated to trauma Intrusion symptoms: reliving event Negative cognition symptoms: inability to recall key features of even, distance from others, negative mood Arousal symptoms: startled response, irritability, self destructive disorder

Acute stress disorder

Short term PTSD

Dissociative disorder

Person avoid stress by escaping identity

Dissociative Amnesia

Can’t recall past No brain damage Just sudden fugue—leave home, assume new identity

Dissociative Identity Disorder

2 or more personality that recurrently take control of person’s behaviour With people who suffered physical and sexual abuse as children

Depersonalization/ derealization disorder

Detached from own mind and body, fail to recognized yourself Dreamlike Does not display psychotic symptoms

Somatic symptom disorder

Obsession with somatic symptoms that may or may not have medical condition

Illnesss Anxiety Disorder

Thinking you have a serious medical condition when you don’t

Conversion disorder

Unexplained symptom affecting voluntary motor/ sensory after traumatic event: going blind after seeing son died

Personality disorder general

Pattern of behaviour that maladaptive/ inflexible. Person believe they’re completely right. 3 cluster

Ego-syntonic

Person believe their behaviour is normal, nothing wrong with them- personality disorder Everything else- ego dystonic

Personality Disorder: Cluster A

Paranoid, schizotypal and schizoid personality disorder

Paranoid personality disorder

Pervasive distrust in others. Suspicious of motive | Sometimes- prodromal phase of schizophrenia

Schizotypal personality

Ideas of reference- same with delusion but less severe | Magical thinking- belief in clairvoyance

Schizoid personality disorder

Restrictive range of emotional expression | Little desire for social interaction

Personality disorder Cluster B

Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

Antisocial personality disorder

Disregard for others’ rights. Serial killers— no remorse

Borderline personality disorder

Instability of interpersonal behaviour, mood and self image. May use splitting— everyone is either good or bad. Self mutilation and suicide attempts are common

Histrionic personality disorder

Constant attention seeking

Narcissistic personality disorder

Grandiose sense of self importance | Have very fragile self esteem

Personality Disorder Cluster C

Avoidant, Dependent and Obsessive Compulsive Personality

Avoidant Personality

Extreme shyness and fear of rejection, see self as social social inept, but want to form social connection

Dependent Personality disorder

Continuous need for reassurance

Obsessive- compulsive personality disorder

Person is perfectionist and inflexible, like rules and order | Different from OCD