Psychological aspects cancer Flashcards
Facts about cancer
- One in every 2 people born after 1960 can now expect to be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lifetime
- 2.5m people in the UK are living with or beyond cancer
- 70% of people with cancer are living with one more more serious health condition other than their cancer
- 1 in 5 cancer survivors have unmet needed
Risk factors cancer
Tobacco and cancer
Current situation smoking locally
Brief intervention on smoking - The 3As
Overweight and obesity with Cancer
Overweight na dobesity causes around 22,9000 cases of cncer every year in Uk
How can overweight cause cancer?
Be cautious as lots of exploitation around nutrition
Stress, Illness and cancer
- Bio-pyschosocial
- Attribution theories include locus of control-control, causality responsibility
- Risk perception- unrealistic optimism
- Behavior change/ motivational change models
- Health belief models/ illness cognition models
Psychosocial process
Coping and Resilience in cancer
- Adjustment models - shock, feelings of loss/grief, denial/retreat, reorientation to reality
- Crisis models - changes to identity, location, role, social support, future
- Coping behaviours, appraisal focused (logical analysis of situation), problem-focused, emotion focuses, spiritual focused, search for meaning (cognitive adaption)
- Varies in response to context.
COping vs resillience
Coping = how we adapt to protect our self from stress
Resilience = outcomes of successful coping - Abilityt o adapt and bounce back and dynamic and changes over time.
Screening and Self examination behaviours for cancr
- Uptake varies:
- Patient factors:
- SES, beliefs about screening, anxiety about process, anxiety about illnes,s perceived risks
- Health belief model and theory planned behaviour
- Health professional factors - communication
- Organisation factors - opt in opt out, hospital
Screening and self examination in cancer
HLoc- chance health locus belief
Psychological impact of diagnosis cancer
- Seeking diagnosis - health beliefs (social and ivndi=vidual), delay/denial, heightened symptoms
- Response to diagnosis - Adjustment models (Kubler ross, shontz-shock, encounter reaction, retreat), leventhials self regulation mode,, appraisal.interpretation -search for meaning, comparison with worse off
- Psychological repsonse- white and macleod - distress, depression,a nxiety, neuropsychiatric symptoms
Psychological Morbidity cancer
Kubler-ross grief model
Reaction to loss/mortality
Stage snot discrete or linear
- Shock/numbeness
- Denial and feleing sisolation
- ANger, blaming
- bargaining for time/goals
- Aceeptance
Shontz
Psychological impact cancer
- Patients emotional repsosnes vary widely, even among groups with similar diganosis
- Fear of recurrence - patients and families biggets concern
- Breast cancer- changes in patients sense of femininity, attractiveness and body image
- head and neck cancer -c hanges in eating and drinking, breathing, body image, FOR (fear of reoccurence)
Coping Styles in cancer
Psychological response and coping to cancer
Communication and cancer
- Fundamental - Key skill - often overlooked
- ‘C’ word
- Use of jargon “mass”, “tumour”, “lump”
- Breaking bad news - SPIKES
- Setting up, Perception, Invitation, knowledge, Emotions
Framework for breaking bad news
Words often associated with cancer diagnsois
:Batlle, invade, devastating blow, fight, win or lose, brave, beaten (fail) …
Case for good communication
If major concerns remain undisclosed:
Role cancer specialist nurse
NICE model - psychological and support
Personalised care (cancer)
living with and beyond cancer 2020
Living with and beyond cancer 2020
Psychosocila interventions in cancer
EVidence of impact of cancer
Key national guidance
NICE guidance of cancer, nhs long term plan, guidance on depression with physical health condiiton and for GAD….
murray and Mcmillin findings in cervical smear tests
