Psychological approaches to common mental health problems Flashcards
what are the common affective/ anxiety disorders?
MDD, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and phobic anxiety disorders, OCD, BAD
what are thhe common disorders of misues?
alcohol, tobacco, opiods, benzoz, stimulants.
what are the common disorders of reactions to stress?
PTSD
what is CBT useful for?
How our thoughts relate to our feelings and behaviour (Beck, 1979), Particularly good for depression, anxiety, phobias, OCD, PTSD, Focus on here and now, Short-term, Problem focussed, goal oriented, Individual, group, self-help book or computer programme
what does CBT do?
Therapist helps client: Identify thoughts, feelings and behaviours, Assess whether thoughts are unrealistic / unhelpful (thinking errors), Automatic negative thoughts, Unrealistic beliefs, Cognitive distortions, Catastrophizing , Black and white / all or nothing thinking, Perfectionism, Identify what can change
Client engages in “homework” which challenges the unrealistic or unhelpful thoughts (thinking errors), Graded exposure, Response prevention.
what does Behavioural activation do?
Focus on avoided activities: as a guide for activity scheduling, for a functional analysis of cognitive processes that involve avoidance
Focus on what predicts and maintains an unhelpful response by various reinforcers, Client taught to analyse unintended consequences of their way of responding.
Collaborative / empathic / non judgmental
Structured agenda – review progress
Small changes – build to long term goals
identify strengths of Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
A grade evidence for treating depression, No formal homework – may be preferable, Client can continue to practise skills beyond the sessions ending
identify limitations of Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
Requires degree of ability to reflect – may be difficult for some, Where poor social networks – limited interpersonal support
what is Motivational interveiwing (MI)?
Miller (1983) - treating problem drinkers, Promotes behaviour change in a wide range of health care settings, More effective than - advice giving, Used where behaviour change is being considered, when patient may be unmotivated or ambivalent to change
what are the principals of MI?
Express empathy - Understand person’s predicament
Avoid argument - If challenging patient’s position – makes defensive
Support self-efficacy - Patient sets agenda, generates what they might consider changing
What did Prochaska and DiClemente (1982) propose?
stages of change model - pre-contemplation, contemplation, planning, action, maintainance (cycle)
