Learning disability Flashcards
define mental disorder
mental illness or mental handicap
define mental handicap
A state of arrested or incomplete development of mind”
what are the 3 types of mental disorder?
learning difficulties, mental illness, personality disorder.
definition of learning disability
‘A condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, which is especially characterised by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to the overall level of intelligence i.e. cognitive, language, motor and social abilities’
criteria for a learning disability
Intellectual impairment (IQ < 70) (Wechsler). Social or adaptive dysfunction (Vineland Scale) -Deficits/Impairments in 2 or more of following adaptive skills: communication, self-care, home living, social skills, community use, self direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure & work. Onset in the developmental period (age 18).
what is used to classify LD
IQ
aeitology of LD
Genetic: e.g. Single gene: Fragile X, PKU, Retts Syndrome, Microdeletion/duplication: DiGeorge Syndrome, Prader-Willi, Angelman syndrome, Chromosomal abnormality: Down Syndrome
Infective : ante-natal e.g. rubella; post-natal e.g. meningitis, encephalitis
Toxic: e.g. foetal alcohol syndrome
Trauma: e.g. birth asphyxia, head injury
Unknown: for most individuals, the cause of their LD is unknown
common physcial condiitons associated with LD
epilepsy, sensory impairments, obesity, GI issues, resp, cerebral palsy, ortho issues, dermo, dental.
overveiw of mental health problems in LD
schizophrenia - self talk common, Mood disorders - increased incidence, OCD - more ritualistic and obsessional themes increased in LD, autism - 2/3 of people with autism have LD, overactivity syndormes - ADHD higher incidence. Challenging behaviour and self injury is common.
need to…
be patient, recognise non-verbal cues, explain things carefully, use the knowledge of parents/carers, Books beyond words,
