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pragmatics and psycholinguistics > Psycholingusitics lesson 4 > Flashcards

Psycholingusitics lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Speech production is more complex than the process of _______ word retrieval

A

individual

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2
Q

There are many partially _______ processes taking place at any _____ time.

A

overlapping

given

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3
Q

When we speak what do we do in order to say the upcoming message?

A

We Plan Ahead

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4
Q

What allows us to speak fluently?

A

Planning Ahead

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5
Q

There is a ____ as to how much we can ___ in advance.

A

limit

plan

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6
Q

Why is there a limit as to how much we plan in advance?

A

Due to memory limitations

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7
Q

an error is Anticipation- name the two types of Anticipation.

A

Word anticipation

Sound anticipation

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8
Q

What is this an example of-
target= the lush list
produced= the lust list

A

Sound anticipation

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9
Q

What is this an example of-
Target= bury me right with him
produced= bury him right with him

A

Word Anticipation

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10
Q

Name another error apart from anticipation.

A

Exchange

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11
Q

When two words are swapped around/ swap places accidentally what is this known as?

A

Word Exchange

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12
Q

What is the following error called?
t= do you feel really bad?
p=do you reel feally bad?

A

Sound exchange- sounds are exchanged :)

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13
Q

Where do word errors tend to occur?

A

Across phrases- wide gap/longer time

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14
Q

What do sound errors tend to involve?

A

Adjacent words- words next to each other or within the same phrase

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15
Q

Because sound errors occur typically in adjacent words what does this tell us?

A

That speakers work out the phonemes (sounds) for 1 or 2 words at a time.

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16
Q

Because word errors occur mostly across phrases thus tells us that lexical selection is planned _____ in advance ie. phrase to phrase.

A

More

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17
Q

Semantics and syntax are planned ____ than phonology

A

longer

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18
Q

Anticipation and exchange ___ indicate speech is planned in _____ to some extent.

A

errors

advance

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19
Q

Lindsey (1975) did an experiment on sentence planning using _______.

A

onset latencies

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20
Q

What is an onset latency?

A

how long it takes for a person to start speaking

21
Q
  1. the man
  2. the man is greeting
    What sentence had longer latencies?
A

2

22
Q

The longer sentence had a longer onset latency- what does this suggest?

A

It suggests that before speech , the participants planes more than “the man”

23
Q

What do words that are more accessible in memory tend to do, in terms of sentence structure?

A

Words that are more accessible in memory tend to come early in the sentence.

24
Q

Bock (1986) asked speakers to repeat single words (prime) and then they had to describe pictures (target) in a sentence. What was Bock expereimenting?

A

Accessibility effects

25
Q

Bock had 2 primes relating to church and 2 primes related to lightning- what main categories do these primes come under?

A

Semantic prime eg. worship or thunder

phonological prime eg. search or frightening

26
Q

What does a semantic prime do?

A

It makes one entity semantically more accessible than the other

27
Q

A ______ prime makes one entity phonologically more accessible than the other.

A

phonological

28
Q

What were the results following a semantic prime?

A

Speakers produced the primed word earlier in the sentence.

29
Q

What were the results following a phonological prime?

A

no effect

30
Q

So what accessibility affects the choice of subject (first word in sentence)?

A

Semantic accessibility

31
Q

Does phonological accessibility have an affect on the choice of word order (active or passive sentence)?

A

NO

32
Q

What other factor did Bock investigate apart from accessibility?

A

Structural Priming

33
Q

After processing a sentence containing a certain structure- what happens?

A

A related structure becomes more activated and is produced more often

34
Q

What is sentence structure separable from?

A

Meanings of sentences

35
Q

Name the sentence structure when the object comes first and then the recipient
eg. The boy gave flowers to his granny

A

Prepositional object structure (PO)

36
Q

The boy gave his granny some flowers is an example of a _________ _______ structure where the recipient comes _____ the object.

A

Double Object

before

37
Q

When more PO primes were read what did the participants do?

A

They gave more PO descriptions

38
Q

Words that are more accessible semantically tend to be produced ____ in the sentence.

A

earlier

39
Q

Why would a certain sentence structure be more accessible?

A

If they have been used or heard recently they are more likely to be re-used in the following sentences.

40
Q

speaking is a ____ human ability involving many _____ such as semantics, _____ and ________.

A

complex
components
syntax
phonology

41
Q

Phonology is to some extent ____ from syntax and semantics.

A

separate

42
Q

What are an important spurce of evidence in the mechanisms of speech production?

A

(speech) Errors

43
Q

why is speech production described as being highly incremental?

A

As many processes occur at the same time

44
Q

In word production ____ are retrieved after the syntax and semantics.

A

sounds

45
Q

Dell’s interactive model and WEAVERS model (levelt et al.) are 2 important models for what?

A

For word production

46
Q

What are planned more in advance?
1. Words (syntax and Semantics)
or
2. Sounds

A
  1. Words (syntax and semantics)
47
Q

______ accessible entities tend to be mentioned earlier in a sentence.

A

Semantically

48
Q

We tend to re-use sentence structures that we have used or heard recently- what is this called?

A

Structural Priming.

pragmatics and psycholinguistics (6 decks)

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