Psycholinguistics Flashcards
What is the difference between syntax and semantics?
Syntax refers to the rules governing the structure of sentences, while semantics refers to the meaning of words and sentences.
How do linguists use the term “tree structure” in reference to sentence processing?
Linguists use the term “tree structure” to refer to the hierarchical organization of words and phrases within sentences.
Why is it important to study the processing of sentences in psycholinguistics?
Studying the processing of sentences can provide insights into how the human mind processes language, which can have implications for fields such as language acquisition, language disorders, and language teaching.
What is the difference between a simple sentence and a complex sentence?
a) A simple sentence contains one clause, while a complex sentence contains multiple clauses.
b) A simple sentence contains multiple clauses, while a complex sentence contains one clause.
c) A simple sentence always contains a subject, verb, and object, while a complex sentence does not.
d) A simple sentence is shorter than a complex sentence.
a) A simple sentence contains one clause, while a complex sentence contains multiple clauses.
What is the difference between a subordinate clause and a coordinate clause?a) A subordinate clause is always shorter than a coordinate clause.
b) A subordinate clause is dependent on another clause, while a coordinate clause is independent.
c) A subordinate clause always comes first in a sentence, while a coordinate clause always comes last.
d) A subordinate clause contains a subject and a verb, while a coordinate clause does not.
b) A subordinate clause is dependent on another clause, while a coordinate clause is independent.
What is the difference between a garden path sentence and a well-formed sentence?
a) A garden path sentence is easy to understand, while a well-formed sentence is difficult to understand.
b) A garden path sentence is grammatically incorrect, while a well-formed sentence is grammatically correct.
c) A garden path sentence leads the reader or listener down the wrong path initially, while a well-formed sentence does not.
d) A garden path sentence always contains a metaphor, while a well-formed sentence does not.
c) A garden path sentence leads the reader or listener down the wrong path initially, while a well-formed sentence does not.
How does the principle of late closure help explain sentence processing?
The principle of late closure suggests that new words are incorporated into the current phrase or clause being processed, rather than initiating a new phrase or clause. This helps to minimize processing costs and facilitate efficient sentence comprehension.
What is the difference between a phrase structure grammar and a dependency grammar?
A phrase structure grammar describes the structure of sentences in terms of constituents or phrases, while a dependency grammar describes the structure of sentences in terms of the relationships between individual words.
How do context and world knowledge influence sentence processing?
Context and world knowledge can help disambiguate words and phrases in a sentence, by providing additional information that aids in understanding the intended meaning.
How do context and world knowledge influence sentence processing?
Context and world knowledge can help disambiguate words and phrases in a sentence, by providing additional information that aids in understanding the intended meaning.
What is the difference between anaphoric and cataphoric references?
Anaphoric references refer back to something previously mentioned in the discourse, while cataphoric references refer forward to something that will be mentioned later in the discourse.
How does the garden path model explain the processing of ambiguous sentences?
The garden path model suggests that people initially interpret ambiguous sentences based on the most likely structure, but may have to revise their interpretation if the actual structure turns out to be different.
Merge and move in X theory
Merge is how you add new constituents to a tree, while Move is how you change the structure of an already-constructed tree without adding any new constituents
a gesture that creates a noticeable difference between the current speech signal (sound) and other signals that the language employs.
Contrastive gesture
