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Clinical Psych > Psychodynamic Therapies > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Therapies Flashcards

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1
Q

The worldview underlying Freudian Psychoanalysis is summarized as…

A

pessimistic
deterministic
mechanistic
reductionistic

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2
Q

According to Freud, human beings are determined by these factors…

A

irrational forces
unconscious motivations
biological and instinctual needs/drives
psychosexual events

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3
Q

What are the three aspects of the structural (drive theory)?

A

Freudian theory involving three structures: the id, ego, and superego

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4
Q

The Id

(Describe when it is present and the principle it operates on)

A

The id is present at birth and operates on the pleasure principle (impulses, seeks immediate gratification)

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5
Q

The Ego

(Describe when it is present and the principle it operates on, and why it develops)

A

The ego is present at 6 months old and operates on the reality principle

The ego develops as a response to the id’s inability to gratify all of its needs.

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6
Q

What does the Ego do?

A

Defers gratification of the id’s instincts.

The ego is characterized by realistic, rational thinking, and planning.

Mediates between the id (impulses) and superego (rigid rules)

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7
Q

The Superego

(Describe when it is present and what it represents)

A

The superego emerges at 4-5 years old and represents an internalization of society’s values and standards.

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8
Q

What is Freud’s developmental theory?

A

It emphasizes the sexual drives of the id

1.Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital

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9
Q

Oral Stage

A

Age: birth to one year
Erogenous zone: the mouth

Sexual needs are gratified by eating, drinking, and other activities involving the mouth.

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10
Q

Anal Stage

A

Age: 1 to 3 years
Erogenous zone: bowel and bladder control

Success is dependent on toilet training

Lenient parents create anal explosive children (messy, wasteful, destructive)

Strict parents create anal retentive children (rigid, orderly, obsessive)

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11
Q

Phallic Stage

A

Age: 3 to 6 years
Erogenous zone: genitals

Children discover how males and females differ

Oedipus/Electra Complex

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12
Q

Latency Stage

A

Age: 6 years to puberty
Erogenous zone: inactive sexual feelings

Ego /superego contribute to this calm period

Period of exploration
Social communication and skills

Fixation can lead to immaturity and inability to form fulfilling relationships

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13
Q

Genital Stage

A

Age: puberty to death
Erogenous zone: genitals, maturing sexual interests

Libido is active again
ego /superego fully formed

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14
Q

According to Freud, psychopathology stems from…

A

unconscious, unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood

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15
Q

According to Freud, mania represents…

A

a defense against libidinal or aggressive urges that threaten the ego

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16
Q

According to Freud, depression is due to…

A

object loss coupled with anger toward the object turned inward

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17
Q

According to Freud, phobias are the result of…

A

displacement of anxiety onto an object that is symbolic of an event that involved an unresolved conflict

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18
Q

What is the goal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy?

A

Reduce or eliminate symptoms by bringing the unconscious into conscious awareness

Integrating previously repressed material into the personality

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19
Q

Primary targets of psychoanalysis

A

free associations
dreams
resistances
transferences

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20
Q

Psychic determinism is…

A

the belief that all behaviors are meaningful and serve a psychological function

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21
Q

Primary techniques of psychoanalysis

A

Confrontation
(help the client see their behavior in a new way)

Clarification
(clarifying client’s feelings and restating their remarks in clearer terms)

Interpretation
(explicitly connecting current behavior to unconscious processes)

Working Through
(final and longest stage. gradually assimilate new insights into personality)

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22
Q

In psychoanalysis, countertransference is viewed as…

A

A potential source of information about the client

Important contributor to the curative process

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22
Q

Adler believed that all behavior is…

A

purposeful

22
Q

In psychoanalysis, transference is viewed as…

A

The client’s response to the therapist’s actual behavior, not a distortion.

22
Q

A healthy style of life is marked by…

A

goals that reflect optimism, confidence, and social interest

22
Q

Teleological Approach

A

Behavior is motivated by a person’s future goals, not determined by past events

22
Q

Inferiority feelings are a result of…

A

real or perceived weaknesses

23
Q

Striving for superiority is an inherent tendency toward…

A

“perfect completion”

23
Q

A mistaken style of life is marked by…

A

self-centeredness
competitiveness
striving for personal power

23
Q

According to Adler, mental disorders represent…

A

A mistaken style of life

24
Q

Misbehavior of a child is viewed as having one of these four goals according to Adler

A

attention
power
revenge
display deficiency

25
Q

According to Jung, personality is the consequence of…

A

unconscious and conscious factors

26
Q

According to Jung, the conscious is oriented toward _____________ and is governed by the _____.

A
  1. the external world
  2. ego
27
Q

According to Jung, the unconscious is made up of…

A

the personal unconscious
(experiences that are now repressed or forgotten)

the collective unconscious
(memory traces that have been passed down from one generation to the next)

28
Q

What key factor is included in the collective unconscious?

A

archetypes

29
Q

What are archetypes?

A

“primordial images” that cause people to experience and understand things in a universal way

30
Q

The Self (archetype)

A

striving for unity of different parts of the personality

31
Q

The Persona/Public Mask (archetype)

A

how one presents to the world

32
Q

The Shadow (archetype)

A

the “dark side” of the personality

33
Q

Anima (archetype)

A

feminine aspects of personality

34
Q

Animus (archetype)

A

masculine aspects of personality

35
Q

Jung described personality as consisting of these two factors…

A

introversion and extroversion

36
Q

According to Jung, the four basic psychological functions are…

A

thinking
feeling
sensing
intuiting

37
Q

According to Jung, symptoms are…

A

unconscious messages to the individual that something is wrong with him

symptoms present people with demands to be fulfilled

38
Q

The primary goal of Jung’s Analytical Psychotherapy is…

A

to rebridge the gap between the conscious and personal and collective unconscious

39
Q

Jungians rely primarily on this technique

A

interpretations (help client become aware of their inner world)

40
Q

In Dreamwork (Jung), dreams represent…

A

an unconscious message that is received in symbolic form

41
Q

According to Jung, transference is…

A

a projection of the personal and collective unconscious

a crucial part of therapy

42
Q

According to Jung, countertransference…

A

provides the therapist with information about what is occurring in therapy

43
Q

Does Jung focus on the past or present?

A

Primary focus is on the here-and-now.

The past is only sought when it will help the client understand the present

44
Q

Name four Object Relations Theorists

A

Klein
Fairbairn
Mahler
Kernberg

45
Q

The primary goal of Object Relations theory is to…

A

bring maladaptive unconscious relationship dynamics into consciousness

Replace dysfunctional internalized object representations with appropriate ones

46
Q

Infantile Autism is…

A

A concept in object relations theory (Mahler)

occurs in the first month of life

infant is self-absorbed and oblivious to the external environment.

47
Q

Normal Symbiotic Phase is…

A

A concept in object relations theory (Mahler)

Child becomes aware of the mother but is unable to differentiate between “me” and “not me”

48
Q

Separation-Individuation is…

A

A concept in object relations theory (Mahler)

development of object relations occurs at this phase (4-5 months old)

four overlapping sub-phases:
differentiation
practicing
reapproachment
object constancy

49
Q

According to Object Relations theory, at what age does a child develop a permanent sense of self and object?

What is this concept called?

A

3 years old

Object Constancy

50
Q

According to Kernberg (object relations), people with BPD…

A

never integrated positive and negative aspects of their experiences with others

shift back and forth between contradictory images (idealizing and devaluing)

Clinical Psych (8 decks)

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