psychodynamic approach Flashcards
The unconscious mind
-Freud believed that we are aware of very little that goes on in our minds. most of our thoughts, memories, feelings and many of our memories are locked away in the unconscious. we don’t know they are there, but never less they have a huge impact on what we say and do. our actions may have hidden purposes or meanings.
Where does Freud believe our thoughts memories beliefs and feelings are locked away in?
The unconscious mind
what is Freud theory built up on
a series of case studies rather than experiments or large scale surveys
what is the conscious mind?
we are aware of it
What is the preconscious mind?
Thoughts, memories that aren’t in the conscious but are not quite in the unconscious
What is the unconscious mind?
Repressed memories
What does the structure of the personality consists of?
id. ego, super ego
What is the id?
-the id is the pleasure principle
-the only part of the personality that is present at birth
-unconscious
-selfish and aggressive instincts that demand instant gratification ( a reward)
What is the ego?
-the ego is the reality principle
-develops around 2 years old
-uses defence mechanisms
-the main role is to reduce conflict
-the reality check that balances the conflicting demands of the id and the super ego
What is the super ego?
-The sup5 er ego is the morality principle, which represents the ideal self of how you ought to be .
- has a sense of right and wrong
- forms around the age of
- represents the model standards of the same sex parent
-punish ego for doing wrong through the feelings of guilt
What are defence mechanisms?
Defence mechanisms are unconscious strategies that the ego uses to manage the conflict between the id and the super ego
What are the three defence mechanisms
-repression
-denial
-displacement
What is repression?
Repression is forcing a distressing memory out of the unconscious mind
What is denial?
Denial is refusing to aspect some aspects of reality
What is displacement?
Displacement is transferring feelings from the true source of distress onto a substitute target
What are the psychosexual stages
?
The psychosexual stages are 5 development stages that all children pass through
What are the order of the stages?
o
a
phallic
latency
g
When does the oral stage develop?
0-1 years old
When does the anal stage develop?
1-3 years old
when does the phallic stage develop?
3-6 years old
when does the latency stage develop?
6 years old to puberty
when does the genital stage develop?
puberty to adulthood
what is the oral stage?
-focuses on the pleasure of the mouth
babies put objects in their mouth
what is the consequence of the oral stage of the unresolved conflict
oral fixation
biting nails
smoking/vaping
what is the anal stage?
focuses on pleasure of the anus
what is the consequence of the anal stage
conflict arises from potty training
-anal retentive- tidy
-anal explusive harsh training
what is the phallic stage?
focuses on pleasure of the genitalia
child is aware of sex differences
consequences of the phallic stage
phallic personality
reckless
narcissist
possibly homosexual
what is the latency stage
no further psychosexual development
consequence of the latency stage
conflict are repressed so the child can focus on school and hobbies
what is the genital phase
sexual desires alongside puberty less about yourself more about others
what is the consequence of the genital stage
conflict in other stages may influence relationships
difficulty forming heterosexual relationships
what is the oedipus
-boys have sexual desires about there mother
-boys fear that the dad would find out
-boy would try and resolve this problem by imitating or joining in with masculine or dad type behaviour
what is the electra?
-girl has sexual desires for dad but realises she doesn’t have a male body part so the girl has envy
girl resolves this by represssing her desire for dad and subsitutes the wish for a baby
girls blames mum for the anxiety causing tension between her and mum
girl represses feelings by taking on the female gender role
how might a behaviourist describe Hans fear of horses
Pavlov- phobia has been conditioned due to association
skinner- reinforcement maintained because of reinforcement
summarise the case study of little Hans
-little Hans was a five year old boy with a phobia of horses
-Freud wanted to discover what factors led to Hans phobia of horses
-from the age of three Hans showed an interest in body parts
-Freud links Hans fear of horses to do with large body part
-the phobia was only horses with harnesses over their noses
- Hans father said this symbolised his moustache
What complex is shown in this study?
Oedipus complex because Hans unconsciously has desires towards his mother and becomes scared of dad. He fantasies being like dad, to be married to mum but develops a phobia of horses as he associates the harness with dads moustache.
Is the little Hans case study scientific?
no, it is based on Freuds subjective opinion
weaknesses of psychodynamic approach
-cannot be tested scientifically
-the approach manly uses case studies
strengths of the psychodynamic approach
-it has been used to explain personality development morality development
