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approaches (Paper 2) > psychodynamic approach > Flashcards

psychodynamic approach Flashcards

1
Q

The unconscious mind

A

-Freud believed that we are aware of very little that goes on in our minds. most of our thoughts, memories, feelings and many of our memories are locked away in the unconscious. we don’t know they are there, but never less they have a huge impact on what we say and do. our actions may have hidden purposes or meanings.

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2
Q

Where does Freud believe our thoughts memories beliefs and feelings are locked away in?

A

The unconscious mind

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3
Q

what is Freud theory built up on

A

a series of case studies rather than experiments or large scale surveys

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4
Q

what is the conscious mind?

A

we are aware of it

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5
Q

What is the preconscious mind?

A

Thoughts, memories that aren’t in the conscious but are not quite in the unconscious

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6
Q

What is the unconscious mind?

A

Repressed memories

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7
Q

What does the structure of the personality consists of?

A

id. ego, super ego

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8
Q

What is the id?

A

-the id is the pleasure principle
-the only part of the personality that is present at birth
-unconscious
-selfish and aggressive instincts that demand instant gratification ( a reward)

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9
Q

What is the ego?

A

-the ego is the reality principle
-develops around 2 years old
-uses defence mechanisms
-the main role is to reduce conflict
-the reality check that balances the conflicting demands of the id and the super ego

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10
Q

What is the super ego?

A

-The sup5 er ego is the morality principle, which represents the ideal self of how you ought to be .
- has a sense of right and wrong
- forms around the age of
- represents the model standards of the same sex parent
-punish ego for doing wrong through the feelings of guilt

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11
Q

What are defence mechanisms?

A

Defence mechanisms are unconscious strategies that the ego uses to manage the conflict between the id and the super ego

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12
Q

What are the three defence mechanisms

A

-repression
-denial
-displacement

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13
Q

What is repression?

A

Repression is forcing a distressing memory out of the unconscious mind

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14
Q

What is denial?

A

Denial is refusing to aspect some aspects of reality

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15
Q

What is displacement?

A

Displacement is transferring feelings from the true source of distress onto a substitute target

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16
Q

What are the psychosexual stages
?

A

The psychosexual stages are 5 development stages that all children pass through

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17
Q

What are the order of the stages?

A

o
a
phallic
latency
g

18
Q

When does the oral stage develop?

A

0-1 years old

19
Q

When does the anal stage develop?

A

1-3 years old

20
Q

when does the phallic stage develop?

A

3-6 years old

21
Q

when does the latency stage develop?

A

6 years old to puberty

22
Q

when does the genital stage develop?

A

puberty to adulthood

23
Q

what is the oral stage?

A

-focuses on the pleasure of the mouth
babies put objects in their mouth

24
Q

what is the consequence of the oral stage of the unresolved conflict

A

oral fixation
biting nails
smoking/vaping

25
Q

what is the anal stage?

A

focuses on pleasure of the anus

26
Q

what is the consequence of the anal stage

A

conflict arises from potty training
-anal retentive- tidy
-anal explusive harsh training

27
Q

what is the phallic stage?

A

focuses on pleasure of the genitalia
child is aware of sex differences

28
Q

consequences of the phallic stage

A

phallic personality
reckless
narcissist
possibly homosexual

29
Q

what is the latency stage

A

no further psychosexual development

30
Q

consequence of the latency stage

A

conflict are repressed so the child can focus on school and hobbies

31
Q

what is the genital phase

A

sexual desires alongside puberty less about yourself more about others

32
Q

what is the consequence of the genital stage

A

conflict in other stages may influence relationships
difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

33
Q

what is the oedipus

A

-boys have sexual desires about there mother
-boys fear that the dad would find out
-boy would try and resolve this problem by imitating or joining in with masculine or dad type behaviour

34
Q

what is the electra?

A

-girl has sexual desires for dad but realises she doesn’t have a male body part so the girl has envy
girl resolves this by represssing her desire for dad and subsitutes the wish for a baby
girls blames mum for the anxiety causing tension between her and mum
girl represses feelings by taking on the female gender role

35
Q

how might a behaviourist describe Hans fear of horses

A

Pavlov- phobia has been conditioned due to association
skinner- reinforcement maintained because of reinforcement

36
Q

summarise the case study of little Hans

A

-little Hans was a five year old boy with a phobia of horses
-Freud wanted to discover what factors led to Hans phobia of horses
-from the age of three Hans showed an interest in body parts
-Freud links Hans fear of horses to do with large body part
-the phobia was only horses with harnesses over their noses
- Hans father said this symbolised his moustache

37
Q

What complex is shown in this study?

A

Oedipus complex because Hans unconsciously has desires towards his mother and becomes scared of dad. He fantasies being like dad, to be married to mum but develops a phobia of horses as he associates the harness with dads moustache.

38
Q

Is the little Hans case study scientific?

A

no, it is based on Freuds subjective opinion

39
Q

weaknesses of psychodynamic approach

A

-cannot be tested scientifically
-the approach manly uses case studies

40
Q

strengths of the psychodynamic approach

A

-it has been used to explain personality development morality development

approaches (Paper 2) (9 decks)

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